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Ključne besede: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, bukev, Fagus sylvatica, Apiognomonia errabunda, rjavenje bukovih listov
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.06.2023; Ogledov: 199; Prenosov: 48
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Povzetek: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is an important tree species throughout Europe but shifts in its suitable habitats are expected in the future due to climate change. Finding provenances that are still economically viable and ecologically resilient is an ongoing field of research. We modelled the dominant tree heights of European beech as a trait reflecting growth performance dependent on provenance, climate and soil conditions. We derived dominant tree heights from national forest inventory (NFI) data from six European countries spanning over large ecological gradients. We performed function-on-scalar regression using hierarchical generalized additive models (HGAM) to model both the global effects shared among all provenances and the effects specific to a particular provenance. By comparing predictions for a reference period of 1981–2010 and 2071–2100 in a RCP 8.5 scenario, we showed that changes in growth performance can be expected in the future. Dominant tree heights decreased in Southern and Central Europe but increased in Northern Europe by more than 10 m. Changes in growth performance were always accompanied by a change in beech provenances, assuming assisted migration without dispersal limitations. Our results support the concept of assisted migration for the building of resilient future forests and emphasize the use of genetic data for future growth predictions.
Ključne besede: hierarchical GAMs, functional regression, Fagus sylvatica, provenance, assisted migration
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.03.2023; Ogledov: 312; Prenosov: 132
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Povzetek: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) adapts to local growing conditions to enhance its performance. In response to variations in climatic conditions, beech trees adjust leaf phenology, cambial phenology, and wood formation patterns, which result in different treering widths (TRWs) and wood anatomy. Chronologies of tree ring width and vessel features [i.e., mean vessel area (MVA), vessel density (VD), and relative conductive area (RCTA)] were produced for the 1960%2016 period for three sites that differ in climatic regimes and spring leaf phenology (two early- and one late-flushing populations). These data were used to investigate long-term relationships between climatic conditions and anatomical features of four quarters of tree-rings at annual and intra-annual scales. In addition, we investigated how TRW and vessel features adjust in response to extreme weather events (i.e., summer drought). We found significant differences in TRW, VD, and RCTA among the selected sites. Precipitation and maximum temperature before and during the growing season were the most important climatic factors affecting TRW and vessel characteristics. We confirmed differences in climate-growth relationships between the selected sites, late flushing beech population at Idrija showing the least pronounced response to climate. MVA was the only vessel trait that showed no relationship with TRW or other vessel features. The relationship between MVA and climatic factors evaluated at intra-annual scale indicated that vessel area in the first quarter of tree-ring were mainly influenced by climatic conditions in the previous growing season, while vessel area in the second to fourth quarters of tree ring width was mainly influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation in the current growing season. When comparing wet and dry years, beech from all sites showed a similar response, with reduced TRW and changes in intra-annual variation in vessel area. Our findings suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as predicted by most climate change scenarios will affect tree-ring increments and wood structure in beech, yet the response between sites or populations may differ.
Ključne besede: Fagus sylvatica, wood anatomy, tracheograms, dendrochronology, intra specific plasticity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2022; Ogledov: 391; Prenosov: 286
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Povzetek: Provenance trials are a valuable source of information, especially in species such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which will likely increase its distribution due to global warming. The current study compares radial increment and wood density of beech provenances in the juvenile development stage from contrasting environments in Europe (Belgium, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Italy) planted at a mesic to wet site in Slovenia and a xeric site in Hungary. Existing data (past measurements of diameters and height) were combined with new measurements of tree height, diameter, dendrochronological and resistance drilling density measurements to assess differences in provenance radial growth. The wood density data were evaluated using a Bayesian general linear model. In order to study the differences in radial increment in more detail, two weather-wise contrasting years (2014 and 2017) were selected from the last decade, based on calculations of the 12-month Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index. The differences in average tree-ring width among provenances at each sampled site appeared to be relatively small when averaged over a whole decade of data. However, according to year-to-year data, some provenances grew faster than others, especially in favorable weather conditions. In unfavorable conditions, the differences in tree-ring widths among provenances were smaller. For most provenances, variation in tree-ring widths within the same provenance increased in unfavorable conditions. The difference between the provenances with the highest and lowest wood densities at both locations did not exceed 5%. The model results indicate that the Idrija (Slovenia) provenance probably has a higher median wood density than other studied provenances at both sites. Although the current study confirmed some differences in wood density between provenances and trial locations, the differences are negligible in practice due to their low magnitude and the fact that the analyzed trees were still juvenile. As beech has a diffuse-porous wood, negligible differences in wood density would also be expected in adult trees. Beech provenances for planting in relation to changing weather should probably be chosen for their ability to survive more extreme weather events rather than to improve radial increment or wood density, especially as the differences in wood density of juvenile trees are relatively small.
Ključne besede: Fagus sylvatica, tree-ring width, common garden, resistance drilling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2022; Ogledov: 498; Prenosov: 398
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Povzetek: Modeli višinskega in debelinskega priraščanja dreves so pomembni za upravljanje gozdov, saj so podlaga za določanje režima redčenj, ciljnih premerov drevesnih vrst in optimalnega razmerja razvojnih faz ter ocenjevanje produkcijske sposobnosti goz%dnih rastišč. S podatki s stalnih vzorčnih ploskev smo za dva gozdna tipa (gradnovo bukovje na izpranih tleh in predalpsko jelovo bukovje) modelirali višinsko rast dominantnih bukev in smrek glede na njihov premer. Za obe vrsti smo ocenili rastiščni produkcijski indeks (SPI), ki je dominanta višina drevja pri prsnem premeru 45 cm. Na podlagi debelinskega priraščanja do%minantnih dreves smo ocenili prehodne dobe in povprečno starost dreves glede na njihovo debelino. To so bili vhodni podatki za določitev regresijskega modela višine dominantnih dreves glede na njihovo starost. SPI je za smreko v primerjavi z bukvijo pričakovano višji, pri bukvi je vrednost SPI višja na rastišču gradnovega bukovja na izpranih tleh (28,7 m proti 27,9 m), pri smreki pa na rastišču predalpskega jelovega bukovja (31,3 m proti 29,7 m). Vrednosti rastiščnih indeksov (SI; dominantna višina drevja pri starosti 100 let) smreke na rastiščih gradnovega bukovja in predalpskega jelovega bukovja so 33,4 in 32,0, bukve pa 29,0 in 27,0. Z opisanim postopkom smo za izbrana gozdna rastiščna tipa določili indekse produkcijske sposobnosti gozdnih smreke in bukve (SI in SPI); uporabnost postopka je treba preveriti še za druge drevesne vrste in gozdne rastiščne tipe.
Ključne besede: dominantna drevesa, višinska rast, debelinska rast, rastiščni indeks, rastiščni produkcijski indeks, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.08.2021; Ogledov: 3177; Prenosov: 1947
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