1. On the thermal stability of multilayer optics for use with high X-ray intensitiesMargarita Zakharova, Zlatko Rek, Božidar Šarler, Saša Bajt, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: High-intensity X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beams require optics made of materials with minimal radiation absorption, high diffraction efficiency, and high radiation hardness. Multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) are diffraction-based X-ray optics that can focus XFEL beams, as already demonstrated with tungsten carbide/silicon carbide (WC/SiC)-based MLLs. However, high atomic number materials such as tungsten strongly absorb X-rays, resulting in high heat loads. Numerical simulations predict much lower heat loads in MLLs consisting of low atomic number Z materials, although such MLLs have narrower rocking curve widths. In this paper, we first screen various multilayer candidates and then focus on Mo2C/SiC multilayer due to its high diffraction efficiency. According to numerical simulations, the maximum temperature in this multilayer should remain below 300°C if the MLL made out of this multilayer is exposed to an XFEL beam of 17.5 keV photon energy, 1 mJ energy per pulse and 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. To understand the thermal stability of the Mo2C/SiC multilayer, we performed a study on the multilayers of three different periods (1.5, 5, and 12 nm) and different Mo2C to SiC ratios. We monitored their periods, crystallinity, and stress as a function of annealing temperature for two different heating rates. The results presented in this paper indicate that Mo2C/SiC-based MLLs are viable for focusing XFEL beams without being damaged under these conditions.
Ključne besede: x-ray optics, multilayer Laue lens, thermal stability, numerical simulation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.12.2024; Ogledov: 302; Prenosov: 137
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2. Simulation of temperature field in steel billets during reheating in pusher-type furnace by meshless methodQingguo Liu, Umut Hanoglu, Zlatko Rek, Božidar Šarler, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Using a meshless method, a simulation of steel billets in a pusher-type reheating furnace is carried out for the first time. The simulation represents an affordable way to replace the measurements. The heat transfer from the billets with convection and radiation is considered. Inside each of the billets, the heat diffusion equation is solved on a two-dimensional central slice of the billet. The diffusion equation is solved in a strong form by the Local Radial Basis Function Collocation Method (LRBFCM) with explicit time-stepping. The ray tracing procedure solves the radiation, where the view factors are computed with the Monte Carlo method. The changing number of billets in the furnace at the start and the end of the loading and unloading of the furnace is considered. A sensitivity study on billets' temperature evolution is performed as a function of a different number of rays used in the Monte Carlo method, different stopping times of the billets in the furnace, and different spacing between the billets. The temperature field simulation is also essential for automatically optimizing the furnace’s productivity, energy consumption, and the billet’s quality. For the first time, the LRBFCM is successfully demonstrated for solving such a complex industrial problem.
Ključne besede: pusher-type reheating furnace, steel, temperature field, radiation, convection, diffusion, strong form meshless method, radial basis functions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.12.2024; Ogledov: 301; Prenosov: 157
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3. Formulation of the method of fundamental solutions for two-phase Stokes flowZlatko Rek, Božidar Šarler, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The method of fundamental solutions with a subdomain technique is used for the solution of the free boundary problem associated with a two-phase Stokes flow in a 2D geometry. The solution procedure is based on the collocation of the boundary conditions with the Stokeslets. It is formulated for the flow of unmixing fluids in contact, where the velocity, pressure field, and position of the free boundary between the fluids must be determined. The standard formulation of the method of fundamental solutions is, for the first time, upgraded for the case with mixed velocity and pressure boundary conditions and verified on a T-splitter single-phase flow with unsymmetric pressure boundary conditions. The standard control volume method is used for the reference solution. The accurate evaluation of the velocity derivatives, which are required to calculate the balance of forces at the free boundary between the fluids, is achieved in a closed form in contrast to previous numerical attempts. An algorithm for iteratively calculating the position of the free boundary that involves displacement, smoothing and repositioning of the nodes is elaborated. The procedure is verified for a concurrent flow of two fluids in a channel. The velocity and velocity derivatives show fast convergence to the analytical solution. The developed boundary meshless method is easy to code, accurate and computationally efficient since only collocation at the fixed and free boundaries is needed.
Ključne besede: Stokes equations, two-phase flow, free boundary problems, method of fundamental solutions, subdomain technique
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.02.2024; Ogledov: 948; Prenosov: 381
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