1. Assessment of peak inspiratory flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a multicentre, observational, prospective, real-life studyValeria Perugini, Chin Kook Rhee, Ji-Yong Moon, Tiew Pei Yee, Seung Won Ra, Pietro Pirina, Matevž Harlander, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) use dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for disease management. DPI effectiveness relies on the patient’s peak inspiratory flow (PIF), which may not always be optimal. We conducted an observational multicentre, prospective, real-life cohort study to determine the prevalence of suboptimal PIF in patients with COPD. Methods: 415 participants (11%, n=47 women, mean age=70±8.7 years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (predicted %)=48.1%) recruited from 17 international centres had baseline PIF recorded with an In-Check Dial device at three resistance levels: (1) low, (2) high and (3) the participant’s maintenance device. We also recorded PIF from participants as they would do at home to verify their proper inhalation technique. Participants underwent spirometry and completed questionnaires (COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI)-12). Results: Of the 415 participants, 18% of DPI users (n=75) exhibited suboptimal values of PIF (as typical PIF Ključne besede: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, peak inspiratory flow, dry powder inhaler, inhaler devices, inhaler therapy, tailor treatment plans
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 1041; Prenosov: 293
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2. Investigating efflorescence in salt-cement composites : the impact of surface inclination and salt waste types on resource-efficient construction materialsVesna Pungerčar, Yee Wu, Clarimma Sessa, Thomas Kränkel, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Disposing of excess salt from seawater desalination and the potash industry presents substantial ecological risks worldwide. This underscores the pressing need to explore reuse possibilities to mitigate environmental damage. One potential solution involves incorporating salt waste into building construction, especially in environments with low air humidity. However, this integration affects composite materials’ mechanical and hydrothermal properties and results in efflorescence on the material surface. This study investigates how different surface inclinations and two types of salt waste affect efflorescence in salt cement mixtures. The primary goal of this research is to design more resource-efficient building materials by reducing cement usage while improving understanding of optimized surface design in indoor construction applications. Experimental in-situ measurements employing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) were conducted to examine salt crystallization accumulation on the salt cement surface. Our findings indicate higher efflorescence on concrete- salt surfaces with steeper inclinations (30–60 %). Furthermore, salt waste from the potash industry exhibits greater efflorescence than desalination salts, attributed to its higher sodium chloride content. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interactions among salt waste, cement, and surface characteristics, providing valuable insights for future advancements in construction materials science.
Ključne besede: salt waste, surface inclination, efflorescence sustainable concrete, non-destructive methods
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2025; Ogledov: 862; Prenosov: 589
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3. First-year dynamics of the anaerobic microbiome and archaeome in infants’ oral and gastrointestinal systemsCharlotte Neumann, Rokhsareh Mohammadzadeh, Pei Yee Woh, Tanja Kobal, Manuela-Raluca Pausan, Polona Mertelj, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Recent research provides new insights into the early establishment of the infant gut microbiome, emphasizing the influence of breastfeeding on the development of gastrointestinal microbiomes. In our study, we longitudinally examined the taxonomic and functional dynamics of the oral and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiomes of healthy infants ( n = 30) in their first year, focusing on the often-over-looked aspects, the development of archaeal and anaerobic microbiomes. Breastfed (BF) infants exhibit a more defined transitional phase in their oral microbiome compared to non-breastfed (NBF) infants, marked by a decrease in Streptococcus and the emergence of anaerobic genera such as Granulicatella . This phase, characterized by increased alpha-diversity and significant changes in beta-diversity, occurs earlier in NBF infants (months 1–3) than in BF infants (months 4–6), suggesting that breastfeeding supports later, more defined microbiome maturation. We demonstrated the presence of archaea in the infant oral cavity and GIT microbiome from early infancy, with Methanobrevibacter being the predominant genus. Still, transient patterns show that no stable archaeome is formed. The GIT microbiome exhibited gradual development, with BF infants showing increased diversity and complexity between the third and eighth months, marked by anaerobic microbial networks. NBF infants showed complex microbial co-occurrence patterns from the start. These strong differences between BF and NBF infants’ GIT microbiomes are less pronounced on functional levels than on taxonomic levels. Overall, the infant microbiome differentiates and stabilizes over the first year, with breastfeeding playing a crucial role in shaping anaerobic microbial networks and overall microbiome maturation.
Ključne besede: breastfeeding, infants, gut microbiome, GIT, oral microbiome, infant development, early life, metagenomics, anaerobes, archaea, strain tracking, source tracking
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.01.2025; Ogledov: 971; Prenosov: 675
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