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Povzetek: Background: The recommended booster third dose of vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients seems reasonable to protect them against a severe disease course. A prospective study was designed to assess the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in this cohort. Methods: Patients with solid malignancies on active treatment were followed up after the primary course and booster third dose of vaccination to assess their anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels, efficacy in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and safety. Results: Out of 125 patients receiving the primary course of vaccination, 66 patients received a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine, with a 20-fold increase in median anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels compared to Ab levels six months post-primary course of vaccination (p < 0.0001). After the booster third dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels were comparable to healthy controls (p = 0.113). There was a decline in Ab levels 3 (p = 0.0003) and 6 months (p < 0.0001) post-third booster dose. No patients had either a severe disease course or a lethal outcome in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the third booster dose. Conclusion: The third booster vaccination dose against COVID-19 in solid cancer patients triggers substantial immunogenicity and is safe and effective for preventing a severe COVID-19 disease course.
Ključne besede: solid cancer, COVID-19 vaccination, booster third dose
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Ogledov: 253; Prenosov: 142
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Povzetek: Hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT)—a genetic trait caused by increased α-tryptase-encoding typtase alpha/beta-1 (TPSAB1) copy number—is associated with adult mastocytosis. The primary objective was to assess the association between α-tryptase and pediatric mastocytosis. We also want to evaluate whether the KIT p.D816V mutation in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) reliably predicts systemic mastocytosis (SM) in children. A prospective cohort of 68 children from a referral center in Slovenia with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) underwent tryptase genotyping by droplet digital PCR and examination for KIT p.D816V in PBL using a sensitive PCR test. A significant majority of patients (57 of 68; [83.8%]) had at least one α-tryptase-encoding gene; none had HαT. 7 of the 68 (10.3%) who were positive for KIT p.D816V in PBL, one fulfilled diagnostic criteria for indolent SM, and another was diagnosed with monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome. One of those individuals had an increased basal serum tryptase (BST) level (14.5 ng/mL). We found a high presence of germline α-tryptase in children with CM, but not HαT. By employing sensitive examination for KIT p.D816V in PBL, in combination with clinical data and other examinations, our study suggests that KIT p.D816V in PBL may indicate systemic disease in children with CM.
Ključne besede: KIT D816V, hereditary α-tryptasemia, peripheral blood
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.08.2025; Ogledov: 686; Prenosov: 454
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Povzetek: Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a global health concern linked to asbestos exposure. In Slovenia, regions with high asbestos exposure rates make MPM a significant public health issue. Although thoracoscopic biopsy is the gold standard for MPM diagnosis, its invasiveness highlights the need for reliable, non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers. Patients and Methods: This prospective study evaluated the diagnostic potential of fibulin-3 as a biomarker for MPM, focusing on its ability to distinguish MPM from other pleural conditions, its association with disease stage and histological subtype, and its prognostic value for survival. 90 patients who underwent diagnostic thoracoscopic biopsy from January 2013 to October 2014 were included. Fibulin-3 levels in plasma and pleural effusion were measured using ELISA, and clinical data were analysed with statistical tests, including ROC analysis. Results: The study cohort comprised 32 patients with MPM, 24 with metastatic pleural carcinoma, and 34 with benign pleural diseases. Plasma fibulin-3 levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.0132) in MPM patients compared to those with benign pleural effusions due to asbestos exposure, with a cut-off of 12.31 ng/mL showing 100% specificity but low sensitivity (39.39%). Elevated fibulin-3 levels in pleural effusion correlated with advanced disease (p = 0.0463) and aggressive histological subtypes (p = 0.0324). No significant survival correlation was observed. Conclusions: While plasma fibulin-3 is a highly specific biomarker for MPM, its low sensitivity limits its standalone diagnostic utility. Its potential role in risk stratification and early detection in at-risk populations warrants further study.
Ključne besede: fibulin-3, asbestos, pleural effusion, mesothelioma, biomarker
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.06.2025; Ogledov: 661; Prenosov: 339
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Povzetek: Abstract: Due to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, a preventive tool in the form of vaccination was introduced. Thoracic cancer patients had one of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 disease, but the lack of data about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in this population triggered studies like ours to explore these parameters in a cancer population. Out of 98 patients with thoracic malignancies vaccinated per protocol, 60–75% experienced some adverse events (AE) after their first or second vaccination, most of them were mild and did not interfere with their daily activities. Out of 17 severe AEs reported, all but one were resolved shortly after vaccination. No significant differences were noted considering AE occurrence between different cancer therapies received after the first or second vaccination dose, p = 0.767 and p = 0.441, respectively. There were 37 breakthrough infections either after the first (1), second (13) or third (23) vaccine dose. One patient died as a direct consequence of COVID-19 infection and respiratory failure, and another after disease progression with simultaneous severe infection. Eight patients had moderate disease courses, received antiviral therapies and survived without consequences. Vaccination did not affect the time to disease progression or death from underlying cancer.
Ključne besede: thoracic malignancies, cancer therapy, COVID-19 vaccination, adverse events, breakthrough infection
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.03.2025; Ogledov: 958; Prenosov: 584
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Povzetek: Background: Worldwide, pollen of the weed mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) is a major cause of severe respiratory allergy, with its major allergen, Art v 1, being the key pathogenic molecule for millions of patients. Humanized mice transgenic for a human T-cell receptor specific for the major Art v 1 T-cell epitope and the corresponding HLA have been made. Objective: We sought to characterize IgE epitopes of Art v 1–sensitized patients and humanized mice for molecular immunotherapy of mugwort allergy. Methods: Four overlapping peptides incorporating surface-exposed amino acids representing the full-length Art v 1 sequence were synthesized and used to search for IgE reactivity to sequential epitopes. For indirect mapping, peptide-specific rabbit antibodies were raised to block IgE against surface-exposed epitopes on folded Art v 1. IgE reactivity and basophil activation studies were performed in clinically defined mugwort-allergic patients. Secondary structure of recombinant (r) Art v 1 and peptides was determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Results: Mugwort-allergic patients and humanized mice sensitized by allergen inhalation showed IgE reactivity and/or basophil activation mainly to folded, complete Art v 1 but not to unfolded, sequential peptide epitopes. Blocking of allergic patients’ IgE with peptide-specific rabbit antisera identified a hitherto unknown major conformational IgE binding site in the C-terminal Art v 1 domain. Conclusions: Identification of the new major conformational IgE binding site on Art v 1, which can be blocked with IgG raised against non-IgE reactive Art v 1 peptides, is an important basis for the development of a hypoallergenic peptide vaccine for mugwort allergy.
Ključne besede: mugwort pollen allergy, IgE epitope, allergen-specific immunotherapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.08.2022; Ogledov: 2196; Prenosov: 939
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