1. Določanje dobrega okoljskega stanja. Poročilo za člen 9 Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji : zaključno poročilo 2012Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Lovrenc Lipej, Alenka Malej, Janja Francé, Branko Čermelj, Oliver Bajt, Nives Kovač, Borut Mavrič, Valentina Turk, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak, Tjaša Kogovšek, Milijan Šiško, Vesna Flander-Putrle, Mateja Grego, Tinkara Tinta, Boris Petelin, Martin Vodopivec, Maja Jeromel, Urška Martinčič, Vlado Malačič, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Deskriptor 1: Biotska raznovrstnost se ohranja. Kakovost in prisotnost habitatov ter razporeditev in številčnost vrst so v skladu s prevladujočimi fiziografskimi, geografskimi in podnebnimi pogoji.
»Presojo je treba opraviti na več ekoloških ravneh: na ravni ekosistemov, habitatov (vključno z njimi povezanimi združbami na nivoju biotopov) in vrst, ki so upoštevane v strukturi tega dela ob upoštevanju točke 2 dela A. Za nekatere vidike tega deskriptorja je potrebna dodatna znanstvena in tehnična podpora. Pri obravnavi širšega obsega deskriptorja je treba ob upoštevanju Priloge III k Direktivi 2008/56/ES določiti prioritete med elementi biotske raznovrstnosti (vrste, habitati in ekosistemi). To omogoča prepoznavanje tistih elementov in območij, kjer vplivi in grožnje nastajajo, poleg tega pa podpira opredelitev ustreznih kazalcev med izbranimi merili, primernimi za zadevna območja in elemente biotske raznovrstnosti. Obveznost regionalnega sodelovanja iz členov 5 in 6 Direktive 2008/56/ES je neposredno povezana z izbiro elementov biotske raznovrstnosti znotraj regij, podregij in pododdelkov, kjer je mogoče, pa tudi z vzpostavitvijo referenčnih razmer v skladu s Prilogo IV k Direktivi 2008/56/ES. Modeliranje z uporabo platforme geografskega informacijskega sistema je lahko uporabna podlaga za določanje območja razširjenosti elementov biotske raznovrstnosti ter človekovih dejavnosti in pritiskov zaradi teh dejavnosti, ob upoštevanju, da se vse mogoče zajete napake ustrezno ocenijo in opišejo ob uporabi rezultatov. Ti podatki so pogoj za ekosistemsko upravljanje človekovih dejavnosti in za razvoj s tem povezanih prostorskih orodij.«
Ključne besede: morje, obalno morje, onesnaževanje morja, plankton, hranilne snovi, ekološki parametri, onesnažila, onesnaževalci, biocenoze, okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji, poročila, onesnaženost, kvaliteta okolja, morska strategija, deskriptorji
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 722; Prenosov: 608
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2. Strokovne podlage za implementacijo Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) : zaključno poročilo 2013Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Oliver Bajt, Branko Čermelj, Damir Deželjin, Janja Francé, Tjaša Kogovšek, Nives Kovač, Lovrenc Lipej, Vlado Malačič, Alenka Malej, Borut Mavrič, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak, Milijan Šiško, Tinkara Tinta, Valentina Turk, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: V obdobju od 1. septembra do 20. decembra 2013 smo na Morski biološki postaji Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo zelo intenzivno delali na nalogah 1.4.3 (pisanje predloga programa spremljanja stanja za stalno presojo okoljskega stanja in razvoj potrebnih metodologij) in 1.4.7 (priprava podatkovne baze v skladu z zahtevami Evropske Komisije) projektne naloge za izdelavo strokovnih podlag za implementacijo Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) v letu 2013. Z naročnikom smo sodelovali tudi pri nalogi 1.4.4 (priprava vsebin za sodelovanje z javnostmi). K sodelovanju pri nalogah 1.4.1 (sodelovanje pri nadaljnjem poročanju Evropski Komisiji), 1.4.2 (nadaljevanje kvantifikacije okoljskih ciljnih vrednosti), 1.4.5 (usklajevanje z državami regije in podregije), 1.4.6 (zagotovitev strokovne podpore Ministrstvu za kmetijstvo in okolje pri pripravi programov ukrepov), ki predstavljajo delo z naročnikom in drugimi inštitucijami, v tem obdobju nismo bili pozvani.
Ključne besede: morje, obalno morje, onesnaževanje morja, plankton, hranilne snovi, ekološki parametri, implementacije, strokovne podlage, onesnažila, onesnaževalci, biocenoze, okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji, Okvirna vodna direktiva, poročila, onesnaženost, kvaliteta okolja, deskriptorji
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 126; Prenosov: 477
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3. Chemical composition and egg production capacity throughout bloom development of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the northern Adriatic SeaKevin Rečnik, Katja Klun, Lovrenc Lipej, Alenka Malej, Tinkara Tinta, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: High abundances of gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) can significantly impact marine
ecosystem by acting as both sink and source of organic matter (OM) and nutrients.
The decay of GZ bloom can introduce significant amount of OM to the ocean interior,
with its variability influenced by GZ life traits and environmental factors, impacting
microbial communities vital to marine biogeochemical cycles. The invasive ctenophores
Mnemiopsis leidyi has formed massive blooms in the northern Adriatic Sea since
2016. However, the variability in the chemical composition and egg production of
blooming populations, as well as the role of environmental factors in governing this
variability, remains largely unknown. Our analysis of biometry, chemical composition,
and fecundity of M. leidyi sampled in the Gulf of Trieste in 2021 revealed stable carbon
and nitrogen content throughout bloom development, with no significant correlation
with seawater temperature, salinity, oxygen, and chlorophyll a concentration. Although
the studied population exhibited homogeneity in terms of biometry and chemical
composition, the number of produced eggs varied substantially, showing no clear
correlation with environmental variables and being somewhat lower than previously
reported for the study area and other Mediterranean areas. We observed a positive
correlation between the wet weight of individuals and the percentage of hatched eggs,
as well as a significant positive correlation between the percentage of hatched eggs
and ambient seawater temperature. Additionally, we noted that the speed of hatching
decreased with decreasing seawater temperature in autumn, corresponding to the end
of M. leidyi bloom.
Ključne besede: ctenophore, biogeochemistry, egg production capacity, invasive species, chemical composition, marine ecology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.08.2024; Ogledov: 154; Prenosov: 566
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4. The ocean sampling day consortiumAnna Kopf, Valentina Turk, Tinkara Tinta, 2015, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.08.2024; Ogledov: 184; Prenosov: 164
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5. Jellyfish-associated microbiome in the marine environment : exploring its biotechnological potentialTinkara Tinta, Tjaša Kogovšek, Katja Klun, Alenka Malej, Gerhard J. Herndl, Valentina Turk, 2019, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Despite accumulating evidence of the importance of the jellyfish-associated microbiome to jellyfish, its potential relevance to blue biotechnology has only recently been recognized. In this review, we emphasize the biotechnological potential of host–microorganism systems and focus on gelatinous zooplankton as a host for the microbiome with biotechnological potential. The basic characteristics of jellyfish-associated microbial communities, the mechanisms underlying the jellyfish-microbe relationship, and the role/function of the jellyfish-associated microbiome and its biotechnological potential are reviewed. It appears that the jellyfish-associated microbiome is discrete from the microbial community in the ambient seawater, exhibiting a certain degree of specialization with some preferences for specific jellyfish taxa and for specific jellyfish populations, life stages, and body parts. In addition, different sampling approaches and methodologies to study the phylogenetic diversity of the jellyfish-associated microbiome are described and discussed. Finally, some general conclusions are drawn from the existing literature and future research directions are highlighted on the jellyfish-associated microbiome.
Ključne besede: Cnidaria, Ctenophora, biodiversity, bioactive compounds, microbial communities, blue biotechnology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 267; Prenosov: 173
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6. The importance of jellyfish-microbe interactions for biogeochemical cycles in the oceanTinkara Tinta, Katja Klun, Gerhard J. Herndl, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Jellyfish blooms can represent a significant but largely overlooked source of organic matter (OM), in particular at the local and regional scale. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the bloom-forming jellyfish as sink and source of OM for microorganisms. In particularly, we compare the composition, concentration, and release rates of the OM excreted by living jellyfish with the OM stored within jellyfish biomass, which becomes available to the ocean's interior only once jellyfish decay. We discuss how these two stoichiometrically different jelly-OM pools might influence the dynamics of microbial community and the surrounding ecosystem. We conceptualize routes of jelly-OM in the ocean, focusing on different envisioned fates of detrital jelly-OM. In this conceptual framework, we revise possible interactions between different jelly-OM pools and microbes and highlight major knowledge gaps to be addressed in the future.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Ogledov: 237; Prenosov: 185
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7. The epiplankton community in the southern Adriatic: multiple trophic levels along the south - north and inshore-offshore gradientsValentina Turk, Davor Lučić, Jakica Njire, Senka Terzić, Tinkara Tinta, Adam Benović, Alenka Malej, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The epiplankton community was investigated during Meduza cruises along south - north and offshore – inshore transects in the middle and southern Adriatic in spring 2002. The diel and vertical distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton pigment composition, micro- and mesozooplankton were assessed. At most stations we observed a thermocline at approximately 20 m and a prominent chlorophyll a peak at about 70 m depth. The integrated phytoplankton and bacterial biomass were lower at the station in the central part of the southern Adriatic, and increased gradually towards middle Adriatic and towards coastal stations. Vertical profiles of both bacterial abundance and production showed a distinct peak in the surface layer. Bacterial abundance was high also in the layer of the deep chlorophyll a maximum. Higher bacterial production was associated with elevated abundance of pico- and nanoplankton feeding zooplankton indicating that bacterial populations were generally controlled by predation.
Ključne besede: Meduza project, heterotrophic bacteria, Adriatic Sea, South Adriatic Sea, phytoplankton pigments, open sea, microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, research cruises
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8. Bacteria associated with moon jellyfish during bloom and post-bloom periods in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic)Maja Kos Kramar, Tinkara Tinta, Davor Lučić, Alenka Malej, Valentina Turk, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Jellyfish are a prominent component of the plankton community. They frequently form conspicuous blooms which may interfere with different human enterprises. Among the aspects that remain understudied are jellyfish associations with microorganisms having potentially important implications for organic matter cycling. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the bacterial community associated with live moon jellyfish (Aurelia solida, Scyohozoa) in the Adriatic Sea. Using 16S rRNA clone libraries and culture-based methods, we have analyzed the bacterial community composition of different body parts: the exumbrella surface, oral arms, and gastric cavity, and investigated possible differences in medusa-associated bacterial community structure at the time of the jellyfish population peak, and during the senescent phase at the end of bloom. Microbiota associated with moon jellyfish was different from ambient seawater bacterial assemblage and varied between different body parts. Betaproteobacteria (Burkholderia, Cupriavidus and Achromobacter) dominated community in the gastral cavity of medusa, while Alphaproteobacteria (Phaeobacter, Ruegeria) and Gammaproteobacteria (Stenotrophomonas, Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio) prevailed on ‘outer’ body parts. Bacterial community structure changed during senescent phase, at the end of the jellyfish bloom, showing an increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, exclusively Vibrio. The results of cultured bacterial isolates showed the dominance of Gammaproeteobacteria, especially Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas in all body parts. Our results suggest that jellyfish associated bacterial community might have an important role for the host, and that anthropogenic pollution in the Gulf of Trieste might affect their community structure.
Ključne besede: bacteria, moon jellyfish, Gulf of Trieste, Adriatic sea
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.07.2024; Ogledov: 236; Prenosov: 164
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9. Microbial processing of jellyfish detritus in the oceanTinkara Tinta, Zihao Zhao, Alvaro Escobar, Katja Klun, Barbara Bayer, Chie Amano, Luca Bamonti, Gerhard J. Herndl, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: When jellyfish blooms decay, sinking jellyfish detrital organic matter (jelly-OM), rich in proteins and characterized by a low C:N ratio, becomes a significant source of OM for marine microorganisms. Yet, the key players and the process of microbial jelly-OM degradation and the consequences for marine ecosystems remain unclear. We simulated the scenario potentially experienced by the coastal pelagic microbiome after the decay of a bloom of the cosmopolitan Aurelia aurita s.l. We show that about half of the jelly-OM is instantly available as dissolved organic matter and thus, exclusively and readily accessible to microbes. During a typical decay of an A. aurita bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea about 100 mg of jelly-OM L–1 becomes available, about 44 μmol L–1 as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 13 μmol L–1 as total dissolved nitrogen, 11 μmol L–1 of total hydrolyzable dissolved amino acids (THDAA) and 0.6 μmol L–1 PO43–. The labile jelly-OM was degraded within 1.5 days (>98% of proteins, ∼70% of THDAA, 97% of dissolved free amino acids and the entire jelly-DOC pool) by a consortium of Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas, and Vibrio. These bacteria accounted for >90% of all metabolically active jelly-OM degraders, exhibiting high bacterial growth efficiencies. This implies that a major fraction of the detrital jelly-OM is rapidly incorporated into biomass by opportunistic bacteria. Microbial processing of jelly-OM resulted in the accumulation of tryptophan, dissolved combined amino acids and inorganic nutrients, with possible implications for biogeochemical cycles.
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10. Bacterial indicators are ubiquitous members of pelagic microbiome in anthropogenically impacted coastal ecosystemNeža Orel, Eduard Fadeev, Katja Klun, Matjaž Ličer, Tinkara Tinta, Valentina Turk, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Coastal zones are exposed to various anthropogenic impacts, such as different types of wastewater pollution, e.g., treated wastewater discharges, leakage from sewage systems, and agricultural and urban runoff. These various inputs can introduce allochthonous organic matter and microbes, including pathogens, into the coastal marine environment. The presence of fecal bacterial indicators in the coastal environment is usually monitored using traditional culture-based methods that, however, fail to detect their uncultured representatives. We have conducted a year-around in situ survey of the pelagic microbiome of the dynamic coastal ecosystem, subjected to different anthropogenic pressures to depict the seasonal and spatial dynamics of traditional and alternative fecal bacterial indicators. To provide an insight into the environmental conditions under which bacterial indicators thrive, a suite of environmental factors and bacterial community dynamics were analyzed concurrently. Analyses of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences revealed that the coastal microbiome was primarily structured by seasonal changes regardless of the distance from the wastewater pollution sources. On the other hand, fecal bacterial indicators were not affected by seasons and accounted for up to 34% of the sequence proportion for a given sample. Even more so, traditional fecal indicator bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) and alternative wastewater-associated bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Arcobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Vibrionaceae) were part of the core coastal microbiome, i.e., present at all sampling stations. Microbial source tracking and Lagrangian particle tracking, which we employed to assess the potential pollution source, revealed the importance of riverine water as a vector for transmission of allochthonous microbes into the marine system. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that the Arcobacteraceae in our data set was affiliated with the pathogenic Arcobacter cryaerophilus, suggesting that a potential exposure risk for bacterial pathogens in anthropogenically impacted coastal zones remains. We emphasize that molecular analyses combined with statistical and oceanographic models may provide new insights for environmental health assessment and reveal the potential source and presence of microbial indicators, which are otherwise overlooked by a cultivation approach.
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