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Povzetek: Introduction: Structured physical activity and lifestyle changes are promising strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. We hypothesize that programs meeting the minimum thresholds of frequency and duration—particu-larly those combining aerobic and resistance components—can significantly lower the blood pressure in at-risk pediatric populations.Purpose: To synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise interventions, alongside lifestyle modifications, in reducing car-diovascular risk among children and adolescents.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42025644256). Searches covered January 2015 to March 2025 across MEDLINE (PubMed), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and the Cochrane Library. The included studies were RCTs or quasi-experimental designs integrating exercise with di-etary or behavioral components. The primary outcomes were blood pressure, lipid pro-file, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.Results: Twenty-six studies (mean PEDro score: 9.9/10) met the inclusion criteria. Combined aerobic and resistance training with nutritional or behavioral support led to reductions in systolic/diastolic BP (–5 to –8 mmHg), body fat (–2 to –4%), and cholesterol (–10 to –15 mg/dL), alongside gains in aerobic capacity. Interventions in-volving families and school personnel showed greater adherence and cardiometabolic improvements.Conclusions: Integrated physical activity and lifestyle programs are effective at reducing cardiovascular risk markers in pediatric populations. Early implementation in supportive environments is essential for long-term health benefits.
Ključne besede: pyhsical activity, cardiovascular risk, hypertension
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.09.2025; Ogledov: 204; Prenosov: 98
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Povzetek: Understanding decay processes in peat deposits is fundamental for predicting their role as sources or sinks of atmospheric carbon in a changing environment. It is known that the distribution of microhabitats –hummock, lawn and hollow– within peatlands affects organic matter quality and degradation, but microtopography-dependent carbon dynamics are poorly understood on the molecular level. We studied early decomposition across microtopography levels through analyses of superficial moss cores from a Sphagnum-dominated ombrotrophic peatland in Central Germany, and a 400-day incubation experiment, using analytical pyrolysis. Interpretations were aided by analysis of living vegetation and a deep peat core as reference. Stable and labile pools of polysaccharides dominated the pyrolyzates and played a crucial role in decay dynamics. Two distinct degradation processes emerged: 1) anaerobic decay, characterized by loss of polysaccharides and selective preservation of lignin and aliphatic OM; and 2) leaching of labile phenolic compounds (including sphagnum acid) and free carbohydrates with concomitant initial aerobic degradation and selective preservation of structural polysaccharides. The relative importance of these initial decay processes is spatially dependent; anaerobic decay was detectable in only some of the more evolved hollow layers, while aerobic degradation and leaching dominated in hummocks. Sphagnum acid’s molecular markers appeared useful tracers of early decay as it probably has a leaching-sensitive component in hyaline cells (corroborated by SEM micrographs) that is lost rapidly from hummocks, but not from hollows. Hence, the occurrence of sphagnum acid in peat cores is influenced by microrelief position during peat accretion. This study highlights how microhabitat variations within peatlands influence decay mechanisms on the molecular level.
Ključne besede: Py-GC-MS, THM-GC-MS, peat, organic matter, polysaccharides, Sphagnum acid
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.07.2025; Ogledov: 401; Prenosov: 161
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Ključne besede: aluminum copper, scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning vibrating electrode technique, oxygen reduction, neutral inhibition
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 539; Prenosov: 301
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Povzetek: The use of more salt stress-tolerant vine rootstocks can be a sustainable strategy for adapting traditional grapevine cultivars to future conditions. However, how the new M1 and M4 rootstocks perform against salinity compared to conventional ones, such as the 1103-Paulsen, had not been previously assessed under real field conditions. Therefore, a field trial was carried out in a young ‘Tempranillo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard grafted onto all three rootstocks under a semi-arid and hot-summer Mediterranean climate. The vines were irrigated with two kinds of water: a non-saline Control with EC of 0.8 dS m–1 and a Saline treatment with 3.5 dS m–1. Then, various physiological parameters were assessed in the scion, and, additionally, gene expression was studied by high throughput sequencing in leaf and berry tissues. Plant water relations evidenced the osmotic effect of water quality, but not that of the rootstock. Accordingly, leaf-level gas exchange rates were also reduced in all three rootstocks, with M1 inducing significantly lower net photosynthesis rates than 1103-Paulsen. Nevertheless, the expression of groups of genes involved in photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways were not significantly and differentially expressed. The irrigation with saline water significantly increased leaf chloride contents in the scion onto the M-rootstocks, but not onto the 1103P. The limitation for leaf Cl– and Na+ accumulation on the scion was conferred by rootstock. Few processes were differentially regulated in the scion in response to the saline treatment, mainly, in the groups of genes involved in the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids metabolic pathways. However, these transcriptomic effects were not fully reflected in grape phenolic ripeness, with M4 being the only one that did not cause reductions in these compounds in response to salinity, and 1103-Paulsen having the highest overall concentrations. These results suggest that all three rootstocks confer short-term salinity tolerance to the scion. The lower transcriptomic changes and the lower accumulation of potentially phytotoxic ions in the scion grafted onto 1103-Paulsen compared to M-rootstocks point to the former being able to maintain this physiological response in the longer term. Further agronomic trials should be conducted to confirm these effects on vine physiology and transcriptomics in mature vineyards.
Ključne besede: osmotic adjustment, gas exchange, gene expression, water relations, Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), salinity tolerance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 990; Prenosov: 673
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Povzetek: Background. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world affecting over 50% of the world%s population. H. pylori is a grade I carcinogen, responsible for the development of 89 % of noncardia gastric cancers. In the present study we analyzed the data for H. pylori eradication treatments in Slovenia. Patients and methods. Slovenia is a part of the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management from the beginning. In seven medical institutions data for H. pylori eradication treatments was collected for 1774 patients from April 16th 2013 to May 15th 2016. For further modified intention to treat (mITT) analysis 1519 patients were eligible and for per protocol (PP) analysis 1346 patients. Results. Patients% dropout was 11.4%. Eradication rate for 7 day triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + Clarithromycin (C) + Amoxicillin (A) was 88.7% PP and 72.0% mITT; for PPI + C + Metronidazole (M) 85.2% PP and 84.4% mITT. Second line 14 day therapy PPI + A + Levofloxacin had 92.3% eradication rate PP and 87.1% mITT. Ten to fourteen day Bismuth quadruple therapy was the therapy in difficult to treat patients. At the end all patients that adhered to prescribed regimens were cured of their H. pylori infection. Conclusions. High dropout rate deserves further analysis. Slovenia is still a country with < 15% H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, triple therapy with PPI plus two antibiotics reaches PP eradication rate > 85%, but mITT eradication rates are suboptimal.
Ključne besede: Helicobacter pylori, eradication treatment, European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management, Slovenian results
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2024; Ogledov: 948; Prenosov: 314
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