1. The microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of 3D printed alloys with reusing powdersMirjam Bajt Leban, Miha Hren, Tadeja Kosec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V are widely used in medical, dental and 3D printing technology, allowing the accurate fabrication of geometrically complicated structures. In order to reduce the costs of printed objects, the reuse of powder is common daily practice. AQ1 When using 3D printing technology, the direct impact of elevated temperatures and the influence of the laser beam may change the properties of the powder when it is reused, thus affecting the final properties of the printed object. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of reused powder on the mechanical, microstructural and electrochemical properties of 3D printed objects. 3D printed objects fabricated from virgin and reused powder of both alloys were analyzed by metallographic observation, computed tomography, XRD and electrochemical methods. The main finding of the study was that the use of reused powder (recycled 3 times) does not detrimentally affect the mechanical and corrosion integrity of 3D printed CoCr and Ti6Al4V alloys, especially for the purpose of applications in dentistry.
Ključne besede: additive manufacturing, selective laser melting, virgin powder, reused powder, microtomography
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.01.2024; Ogledov: 192; Prenosov: 89
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2. Corrosion monitoring of steel structure coating degradationBojan Zajec, Mirjam Bajt Leban, Tadeja Kosec, Viljem Kuhar, Andraž Legat, Stanislav Lenart, Karmen Fifer Bizjak, Gavin Kenneth, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: An important aspect regarding the sustainability of steel structures is to ensure the structure is protected from corrosion. A number of surface coatings are availablethat play an important role in protecting these structures. An important part of the management of these structures is reliable and regular inspection along with methods forearly detection of corrosion processes. In this paper, a development and application of sensors for monitoring the steel coating degradation and corrosion damage to steelsubstrate are presented. An encapsulated corrosion kit with integrated EIS sensors and ER probes was developed. To test its efficiency, steel probes were coated withselected coatings in the laboratory and their performance was assessed under various aggressive atmospheres, including; salt, industrial and humid atmosphere.
Ključne besede: coatings, corrosion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrical resistance probes, railways, steel structures
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.12.2023; Ogledov: 166; Prenosov: 88
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3. The corrosion resistance of dental Ti6Al4V with differing microstructures in oral environmentsMirjam Bajt Leban, Tadeja Kosec, Matjaž Finšgar, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The impact of the microstructural properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy on its electrochemical properties, as well as the effect of the α- and β-phases present within it, is still unclear. With the introduction of new, emerging technologies, such as selective laser melting and post heat treatments, the effect of the microstructure on an alloy's corrosion properties has become increasingly interesting from a scientific perspective. When these alloys are produced through different methods, despite an identical chemical composition they have diverse microstructures, and consequently display varying resistance to corrosion. In the present research study, Ti–6Al–4V alloy specimens produced by three different processes, leading to the formation of three different microstructures were investigated: heat treated specimen fabricated by selective laser melting, wrought and cast specimens. The impact of the microstructure of these alloys when immersed in artificial saliva was studied through the use of various electrochemical techniques, by microscopical examinations, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Corrosion properties were investigated by the measurement of open circuit potential, linear polarization, and potentiodynamic curve measurements followed by microscopical examinations, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry examination was conducted to reveal spatial distribution of alloying species on oxide film. It was found that the difference between specimens containing an α+β microstructure was small and not dependent on the aspect ratio of the β-phase, alloy grain size, and vanadium partitioning coefficient, but rather on the size, shape, and content of this phase.
Ključne besede: Ti6Al4V, dental alloy, microstructure, corrosion resistance, heat treatment, ToF-SIMS
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.10.2023; Ogledov: 437; Prenosov: 220
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4. Estimation of the corrosion properties for titanium dental alloys produced by SLMTadeja Kosec, Mirjam Bajt Leban, Maja Ovsenik, Matej Kurnik, Igor Kopač, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Titanium alloys are known for their excellent biocompatible properties. The development of additive-manufacturing technologies has increased the interest in the use of Ti-6Al-4V, produced by selective laser melting (SLM) method, also in dentistry, i.e., prosthodontics and orthodontics. In the present paper, the effect of laser printing parameters in the selective laser melting (SLM) process on the porosity and corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V dental alloy was metallographically and electrochemically studied. All the tests were performed in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Different forms of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were selected: a reference sample, i.e., pre-fabricated milling disc in wrought condition and four different 3D-printed samples made from Ti-6Al-4V powder using the SLM method, one being heat treated. Electrochemical, spectroscopic and hardness measurements were employed in the study. It was shown that the SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V samples with different printing parameters have similar microstructural and electrochemical properties, while the electrochemical properties of a reference and thermally treated 3D-printed sample were different, most probably due to the change in the microstructure of the alloys. The corrosion properties were related to the microstructural properties as well as to the pore density.
Ključne besede: Ti-6Al-4V, dental alloys, artificial saliva, selective laser melting, corrosion
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.05.2023; Ogledov: 253; Prenosov: 113
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5. Comparison of cycling high temperature corrosion at 650°C in the presence of NaCl of various austenitic stainless steelsMirjam Bajt Leban, Maja Vončina, Tadeja Kosec, Robert Tisu, Matevž Barborič, Jože Medved, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The high temperature corrosion at 650°C in the presence of NaCl at atmospheric pressure of AISI 304L, AISI 309, AISI 310S, AISI 314 and AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel was studied. The specimens were cyclically heated in the furnace and immersed in a 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution after cooling for 15 min. After each cycle, the change in mass of the samples was measured. The corroded samples were analysed by SEM /EDX, and the corrosion products were analysed by XRD. The chloride ions react with the steel surface to form porous and poorly adherent oxides and metal chlorides. After the mass increase during the first exposure cycles, spalling of the oxides occurred. The high temperature austenitic stainless steels (AISI 309, AISI 310S, AISI 314) showed less mass loss than conventional austenitic steels (AISI 304L). Surprisingly, the stainless steel AISI 321 showed a similar low weight loss after the cyclic test as AISI 309, but a detailed analysis of the exposed surfaces after the test showed a similar corrosion attack as for AISI 304. After the cyclic test at high temperature in the presence of NaCl, a higher concentration of Cr and Ni definitely improves the corrosion resistance under the present conditions, but a certain addition of Si is even more obvious.
Ključne besede: austenitic stainless steel, high temperature corrosion, NaCl, exhaust systems, open access
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.05.2023; Ogledov: 264; Prenosov: 172
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6. Corrosion characterization and ion release in SLM-manufactured and wrought Ti6Al4V alloy in an oral environmentMirjam Bajt Leban, Tadeja Kosec, Matjaž Finšgar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: As-produced and heat-treated TiAlV samples were prepared by selective laser melting and compared to wrought samples of identical chemical composition. Microstructural, corrosion, and spectroscopic studies of additively manufactured samples in artificial saliva at 37 °C, with NaF and at pH 2.3 were as a novelty combined with metal ion release during 42 days immersion. In artificial saliva higher amount of ions was released on SLM specimen when compared to wrought alloy. The total amount of ions released from SLM specimen in AS containing NaF was 10-times higher than in AS, while in AS with lactic acid it was 100-times higher.
Ključne besede: Ti6Al4V, SLM, corrosion, ion release, XPS, ToF-SIMS
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.05.2023; Ogledov: 300; Prenosov: 249
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7. Differences between 3-D printed and traditionally milled CoCr dental alloy from casted block in oral environmentMirjam Bajt Leban, Matej Kurnik, Igor Kopač, Matic Klug Jovičević, Bojan Podgornik, Tadeja Kosec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The aim of this study was to compare corrosion resistance and ion release in CoCr dental alloys with identical chemical compositions produced using different technologies (SLM – selective laser melting and milling from cast blocks) and heat treatment (SLM parts only). The corrosion properties were tested in artificial saliva, artificial saliva with fluoride ions, and artificial saliva with added lactic acid to simulate inflammations. The study included electrochemical tests, microstructural investigation and ion release tests in the three different environments for a total of 42 days. The best performance of CoCr as a result of potentiodynamic polarization was observed in the artificial saliva with added lactic acid, which is in contradiction with the highest ion release measured from all the materials tested and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that showed a deterioration of the passive layer in an acidic environment. Microstructural investigation revealed that different phases precipitated by heat treatment trigger increased release of Mo and W ions. The printing method does not raise critically ion release from CoCr alloy, while the state of the surface greatly impacts the extent of the ion release. This study demonstrates the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of corrosion and biocompatibility in dental alloys.
Ključne besede: CoCr dental alloy, selective laser melting, corrosion, ion release, artificial saliva
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Ogledov: 336; Prenosov: 281
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8. Comparison of the corrosion properties of CoCrMo dental alloys in artificial salivaTadeja Kosec, Mirjam Bajt Leban, Matej Kurnik, Igor Kopač, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: CoCrMo alloys are known for their biocompatible properties, which, together with their favorable mechanical properties, mean they can be efficiently used in dentistry. With the development of selective laser melting for the fabrication of 3D-printed ob - jects, interest in the corrosion properties of this alloy has risen in the field of prosthodontics. In the study, CoCrMoW dental al - loys were studied in artificial saliva at body temperature, i.e., 37 °C. Different forms of CoCrMoW alloy were selected: a refer - ence sample, i.e., original material as received from the supplier, a cast sample acquired from an ordinary procedure in a dental laboratory, and two 3D-printed samples made from CoCrMoW powder using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. Electro - chemical, spectroscopic and hardness measurements were conducted. It was shown that the reference and cast samples have similar microstructural and electrochemical properties, while the electrochemical properties of the 3D-printed samples differ, most probably due to the effect of the higher micro porosity and chemical composition of the alloys.
Ključne besede: CoCrMo dentalne zlitine, umetna slina, aditivne tehnologije, precizijsko ulivanje, korozija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.12.2022; Ogledov: 249; Prenosov: 102
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