1. DFOS-based monitoring of prestressed concrete bridge girders : preliminary resultsKleo Lila, Max Herbers, Bertram Richter, Andrea Agreiter, Maja Kreslin, Petra Triller, Andrej Anžlin, Werner Lienhart, Steffen Marx, 2025, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: Due to bridges’ critical role in transportation networks, the assessment and maintenance of existing bridges have become a priority. Prestressed concrete bridges constitute a significant portion of Europe’s transportation network, yet many no longer meet today’s technical requirements. This is primarily due to two factors: (i) the unforeseen increase in heavy goods traffic, and (ii) insufficient experience with early reinforced and prestressed concrete construction methods, coupled with inadequate regulations, which resulted in design weaknesses and structural deficiencies. One critical failure mechanism, identified when recalculating existing bridges based on updated guidelines, is insufficient shear load-bearing capacity, which has prompted the premature demolition of numerous bridges. A thorough understanding and rigorous monitoring of shear behavior is essential since neglecting this problem could lead to notable consequences, especially for aging infrastructure. In this paper, a distributed fiber optic sensor (DFOS) based monitoring system, inspired by shear detection concepts, is tested. A decommissioned prestressed concrete bridge girder was equipped with a DFOS grid, allowing for detailed monitoring of crack width, location, and shape. Preliminary test results confirm the successful installation and early detection of cracks, highlighting the system’s potential to identify microcrack formation, monitor crack growth, and support maintenance strategies.
Ključne besede: structural health monitoring, distributed fiber optic sensors, microcracking, crack growths, load testing, prestressed concrete
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.01.2026; Ogledov: 131; Prenosov: 68
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2. Integrating distributed acoustic sensing for damage detection in old pre-stressed concrete girders : preliminary experimental resultsLisa Strasser, Werner Lienhart, Thomas Moser, Andrej Anžlin, Mirko Kosič, Maja Kreslin, Doron Hekič, 2025, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: In this study, we investigate the load-bearing capacity of pre-stressed concrete girders under various damage levels. We employed Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology to monitor and quantify changes in the girder response as damage levels were incrementally introduced. This approach enabled the real-time measurement of dynamic behavior over the entire length of the girder, allowing for a detailed characterization of damage-induced structural changes. To complement the DASbased approach, we also applied classical acceleration-based damage detection techniques. By integrating these methods, we aimed to cross-validate the results and provide a more comprehensive understanding of damage progression and its impact on structural performance. The experimental campaign, conducted in Ljubljana, ZAG, involved full-scale testing of pre-stressed concrete girders subjected to controlled damage scenarios. This setup ensured a realistic assessment of the girders’ residual capacity and failure mechanisms. The paper presents preliminary results from this experimental study, emphasizing the capability of DAS measurements to detect and characterize damage, while also comparing its performance against traditional methods. By combining advanced sensing technologies with established techniques, this research highlights the potential of DAS as a transformative tool in structural health monitoring.
Ključne besede: distributed acoustic sensing, distributed fiber optic sensing, structural health monitoring, frequency analysis, load test, infrastructure monitoring, bridge monitoring
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2026; Ogledov: 162; Prenosov: 90
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3. Laboratory testing of old bridge girders : preliminary resultsMaja Kreslin, Mirko Kosič, Aljoša Šajna, Andrej Anžlin, Doron Hekič, Vladimir Požonec, Petra Triller, 2025, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: This paper presents key results on the laboratory testing of old girders removed from a flood-damaged bridge located near Ljubljana, Slovenia. The structure was widened in 1989 to accommodate pedestrians and cyclists by integrating prefabricated prestressed reinforced concrete T-girders. To assess the structural behaviour of the bridge, six girders were subjected to a rigorous testing program involving bending and shear tests in a laboratory setting. The tests were performed on girders with static lengths of 12.20 meters and 9.90 meters. The program aimed to evaluate the structural performance of the girders. Preliminary results indicate satisfactory structural behaviour of the prestressed T-girders under the applied loads, with insights into their performance under both bending and shear stresses. This study contributes valuable data for assessing the long-term behaviour of bridges. The outcomes are particularly relevant for optimising resource allocation in bridge rehabilitation projects and ensuring safety and functionality in transportation networks.
Ključne besede: laboratory testing, prestressed girders, assessment, load test, operational modal analysis, damage, acoustic emission
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2026; Ogledov: 139; Prenosov: 74
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4. Using weigh-in-motion data to determine bridge dynamic amplification factorJan Kalin, Aleš Žnidarič, Maja Kreslin, 2015, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: The dynamic component of bridge traffic loading is commonly taken into account with a Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) - the ratio between the maximum dynamic and static load effects on a bridge. In the design codes, this factor is generally higher than in reality. While this is fine for new bridges that must account for various risks during their life-time, it imposes unnecessary conservativism into assessment of the existing well defined bridges. Therefore, analysis of existing bridges should apply more realistic DAF values. One way of obtaining them experimentally is by bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) measurements, which use an existing instrumented bridge or culvert to weigh all crossing vehicles at highway speeds. The B-WIM system had been equipped with two methods of obtaining an approximation to the static response of the. The first method uses the sum of influence lines. This method relies on accurate axle identification, the failure of which can have a large influence on the DAF value. The other method uses a pre-determined low-pass filter to remove the dynamic component of the measured signal; however an expert is needed to set the filter parameters. A new approach that tries to eliminate these two drawbacks has been developed. In this approach the parameters for the filter are determined automatically by fitting the filtered response to the sum of the influence lines. The measurement of DAF on a typical bridge site agrees with experiments performed in the ARCHES [1] project: dynamic amplification decreases as static loading increases.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 266; Prenosov: 127
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5. Railway bridge weigh-in-motion systemAleš Žnidarič, Jan Kalin, Maja Kreslin, Peter Favai, Przemyslaw Kolakowski, 2016, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: The paper provides an overview of the development of a railway bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) system, one of the first of its kind for weighing trains in motion. A steel truss bridge in Poland was used for testing the system. Four trains which passed over the bridge were weighed in a rail yard in Warsaw. The conventional road B-WIM system was adapted to calculate the weights of the train carriages using the measured response from the test bridge and the accuracy of the system was assessed. Initial result showed that weights of one of the four trains of known weight were predicted very accurately, but accuracy of the other three trains was poor, with calculated carriage weights deviating by as much as 30% from their actual values. An in-depth analysis showed that these trains were changing velocity as they traversed the bridge and that the large errors were directly correlated to this changing velocity. The standard B-WIM algorithm, which assumed a constant velocity during the passage of a vehicle or train, was adjusted to allow for the effect of this changing velocity. The results improved dramatically, with the vast majority of the calculated wagon weights falling within 5% of their actual values. Further developments tailored the B-WIM algorithm for weighing trains, including the system interface that employs graphics of locomotives and wagons. The development of the railway B-WIM has been a success and has demonstrated that calculations of train weights using instrumented bridges can be efficiently performed.
Ključne besede: accuracy, B-WIM, measurement error, train, weigh-in-motion
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.09.2025; Ogledov: 361; Prenosov: 160
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6. Towards harmonized reduction of seismic vulnerability : analyzing regulatory and Incentive frameworks in the Adriatic—Ionian RegionPetra Triller, Angela Santangelo, Giulia Marzani, Maja Kreslin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The Adriatic–Ionian region is seismically very active and poses a major challenge for risk mitigation. Each country has developed laws, standards, and techniques to reduce seismic vulnerability. The ADRISEISMIC project created a database of existing regulatory and incentive frameworks, based on a comprehensive study conducted in six countries. The study covered seismic norms, building regulations, urban planning regulations, incentive frameworks, and post-earthquake planning. A comparative matrix was developed in which key parameters, such as year of issuance, references to EU regulations, level of enforcement, mandatory status, target groups, reference period in relation to earthquake occurrence, and consideration of cultural heritage, were analyzed. The database aims to support a harmonized strategy to reduce seismic vulnerability by promoting measures based on common reference standards. This increases safety, improves the built environment, and minimizes risks to people and nature. Particular attention will be paid to historic urban areas that are both vulnerable and rich in cultural heritage. The collected regulatory and incentive framework will serve as a basis for future research to support the identification of good practices and the formulation of customized roadmaps to apply them to reduce seismic vulnerability.
Ključne besede: seismic vulnerability, regulatory and incentive frameworks, survey, seismic norms, building regulation, urban planning regulation, seismic incentive frameworks, post-earthquake planning, adriatic–ionian region, collection and systematization of documents
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.08.2025; Ogledov: 434; Prenosov: 320
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7. Reducing seismic vulnerability of historic areas : moving from good practices to tailored roadmapsGiulia Marzani, Cavalieri Benedetta, Angela Santangelo, Petra Triller, Maja Kreslin, Charalampos Fassoulas, Simona Tondelli, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Enhancing territorial resilience while reducing risks is of paramount importance for communities, especially for those in historic areas where vulnerability is a significant component of risk, and where cultural heritage serves as a catalyst for collective identity. However, policies and planning tools designed to protect historic areas from natural and anthropic risks remain fragmented. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence- based guidance to help policymakers build tailored roadmaps for reducing the seismic vulnerability of historic areas. This research focuses on the Adriatic–Ionian region, with six countries identified as case studies. The methodology is structured in three phases. First, good practices for addressing seismic vulnerability are identified and codified to improve existing knowledge. Second, a replicability and scalability assessment of the good practices is performed for each case study. Finally, roadmaps are developed as ready-to-use tools to support the implementation of measures to reduce seismic vulnerability. Although the results reveal considerable variability in the readiness levels of the six case studies to act for reducing seismic vulnerability, the overall methodology effectively supports policymakers in moving from good practice selection to tailored roadmaps for enhancing resilience.
Ključne besede: seismic risk, seismic vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, territorial resilience, historic area, good practice, roadmap, Adriatic–Ionian region
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Ogledov: 635; Prenosov: 702
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9. Znanje, ki pušča sled : petinsedemdeset let Zavoda za gradbeništvo Slovenije : 1949-20242024, strokovna monografija Ključne besede: raziskave, laboratoriji, grajeno okolje, digitalizacija, gradnja, materiali, les, potresno inženirstvo, stavbe, trajnostna gradnja, bivanje, ekologija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.03.2025; Ogledov: 707; Prenosov: 494
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10. Scoring system for technical evaluation of technologies for remote monitoring of bridgesMogens Saberi, Kevin McPherson, Fengqiao Zhang, Anna Arvidsson, Simon Fjendbo, Carl van Geem, Maja Kreslin, Andrej Anžlin, 2024, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: Transportation infrastructure demands reliable, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and safe solutions. It is, therefore, crucial to leverage both the knowledge gained from current practices and the potential offered by emerging technologies. This paper uses the scoring system approached in the INFRACOMS project to offer a framework for asset managers and technology providers to identify areas of improvement and make informed decisions regarding selecting and implementing remote condition monitoring solutions. We focus on two technologies for bridges, like bridge weigh-in-motion and digital inspection and centre around four areas: data analysis, visualisation and integration and potential for practical decision-making. Technologies are evaluated based on their intended use, acknowledging that some may have multiple applications due to novel sensor installations or data interpretation/visualisation methods. Consequently, a technology may undergo multiple appraisals within this system. We showcase the benefits of the scoring system, alignment with specific use cases, and potential for broad applicability.
Ključne besede: bridge, remote monitoring, scoring system
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.08.2024; Ogledov: 1129; Prenosov: 594
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