1. Temperature-driven shifts in spatiotemporal stability of climate-growth responses of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) from the southern Baltic Sea regionMarcin Miroslav Klisz, Radosław Puchałka, Mariusz Gławenda, M. Koprowski, Roberts Matisons, Sandra Metslaid, Aleksei Potapov, Tobias Scharnweber, Eric Andreas Thurm, Rita Verbylaite, Adomas Vitas, Martin Wilmking, Jernej Jevšenak, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The southern Baltic region spans a significant part of the European continent with its forests under significant pressure due to climate changes. The implications of these changes are crucial for both native and non-native tree species. Under future climate scenarios, most native conifer populations might lose their climatic optima in the region. In contrast, for non-native Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), climatic conditions are expected to become optimal in the Baltic Sea region. Therefore, understanding the acclimatisation trajectory of Douglas-fir over the last century is essential to assess its potential to supplement retreating species and reduce pressure on local habitats. To study the region-wide acclimatisation in the secondary distribution, we established a network of 27 Douglas-fir tree-ring chronologies along the south Baltic Sea. We determined the spatio-temporal stability of the climate signal in tree rings and the potential coastal effect on the plasticity of the growth response. We found a region-wide trend of climate-growth relationships, with a dominant effect of the early-growth season temperatures being more pronounced for mature than young stands. Sites with higher mean annual temperatures exhibit a stronger positive temperature–growth correlation, demonstrating the sensitivity of Douglas-fir to climate warming. Douglas-fir could serve as a more heat-tolerant alternative to the declining European species of the Pinaceae family and contribute to the preservation of functionally comparable coniferous forest communities. However, forest practitioners should be aware that Douglas-fir may alter habitat conditions affecting microclimate and influencing species diversity.
Ključne besede: climate warming, climate–growth relationships, dendroecology, Europe, tree growth
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.07.2025; Ogledov: 418; Prenosov: 359
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2. Tree-ring formation dynamics in Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea in a dry and a wet yearRadosław Puchałka, Peter Prislan, Marcin Miroslav Klisz, M. Koprowski, Jožica Gričar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: European beech Fagus sylvatica and Sessile oak Quercus petraea are reaching the north-eastern limits of their natural ranges in northern Poland. According to the projected changes in potential ranges in this region, climatic conditions for both species until 2080 will remain stable. On the other hand, a decrease in the vitality of mature trees and a reduction in their radial growth are currently observed. To understand these contradictory findings, we monitored the cambial activity in both species during two vegetation seasons. 2015 was characterized by a negative water balance, while 2017 was wet. This provided an opportunity to compare how the xylogenesis proceeds in diffuse-porous beech and ring-porous oak during contrasting in the summer precipitation seasons. The forming annual increments were sampled with Presler borer at variable time intervals depending on the leaf phenological phases. The cores were prepared using a sledge microtome and double-stained with safranin and astra blue. Observations of the phases of wood formation and measurements of the width of the forming increments were analysed on the microslide digital images. Differences in the dates of the phenological phases were analysed using Two-Way ANOVA, while the dynamics of the formation of annual increments were fitted to the Single and Double Gompertz function for beech and oak, respectively. The beginning of vessel formation started earlier in both seasons compared to previous studies. Inter-seasonal differences in the duration of spring phenological phases were insignificant for both species, while inter-species differences were significant due to physiological diversity between diffuse-porous beech and ring-porous oak. In dry 2015, cambial activity ceased sooner in both species than in 2017. Differences between oak and beech were insignificant in both years, but statistically significant disparities existed within each species due to varying in precipitation seasons. Rainfall significantly elongated the duration of cambial activity and caused wider tree-rings. According to our study, despite predicted maintaining their climatic niche, both species, situated at the north-eastern cooler range boundary, are expected to produce wood at a lower rate due to the projected warmer central European climate with increased heatwaves and summer droughts.
Ključne besede: climate change, meteorological extremes, wood formation, summer drought, xylogenesis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Ogledov: 397; Prenosov: 301
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3. Fertilisation with potato starch wastewater effect on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in PolandNella Waszak, Filipe Campelo, Iain Robertson, Radosław Puchałka, Fatima-Zahraa El Balghiti, Jožica Gričar, Ali Boularbah, M. Koprowski, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Fertilisation is often used to increase plant productivity in agriculture but has also been used in forestry. In our study, Scots pine forest growing in a nitrogen-poor environment was fertilised with NPK post-production wastewater from a potato starch factory. Our research aimed to investigate the dependence of tree growth on different NPK concentrations. Cell characteristics such as cell wall thickness (CWT), lumen diameter (LD) and tree-ring features such as ring width (RW), total number of cells in annual growth (nTotal), earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) were investigated. Twenty-six years of regular fertilisation of the forest with different doses of wastewater rich in NPK elements have affected the anatomical structure of Scots pine trees. It is presumed that the reduction in CWT and LD on the fertilised site was due to deficiencies in plant water conductivity, which may have occurred due to physiological drought. The influence of nitrogen on unfertilised site from the wastewater area could contribute to the CWT thickening. The results confirm that the use of NPK in excessive doses is detrimental to trees' conductive system.
Ključne besede: wastewater effluents, forest fertilisation, cell measurements, tree-ring width, wood anatomy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.01.2024; Ogledov: 1204; Prenosov: 709
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4. Local site conditions reduce interspecific differences in climate sensitivity between native and non-native pinesMarcin Miroslav Klisz, Radosław Puchałka, Marcin Jakubowski, M. Koprowski, Maksym Netsvetov, Yulia Prokopuk, Jernej Jevšenak, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Two European pine species, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra, are experiencing dieback as a result of the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events. Recent species distribution models predicted shrinkage of ecological niches in the near future and shifted their habitat range towards the northeast. Consequently, P. sylvestris may contract its range and P. nigra may expand in Central Europe. To test whether native pine species have an advantage over introduced pine species in acclimation to a novel climate in Central Europe, we investigated the climate sensitivity and vitality of P. sylvestris, P. nigra and P. rigida. We sampled mature stands of each pine species at three sites in Central Europe, for which we determined climate–growth relationships: temporal stability of temperature and precipitation correlations with tree-ring width and resilience indices. Based on remote sensing data, we assessed differences in surface reflectance and photosynthetic activity obtained from the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our analyses revealed that the climate sensitivity and surface reflectance of pines are not due to their nativeness in Central Europe but better explained by local site conditions. The specificity and variability of drought events may determine both the homogeneous and diverse susceptibility of species to a negative water balance. Therefore, the character of future climatic extremes seems to be the key to understanding the acclimation of native and non-native pine species in Central Europe. Because our study do not provide evidence of the superiority of non-native pine species over P. sylvestris, and the potential impacts of introduced species on local habitats seem poorly understood in the face of climate change, we urge particular caution in introducing species with unrecognized invasive potential.
Ključne besede: Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Pinus rigida, acclimation, climate sensitivity, drought resilience
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.09.2023; Ogledov: 1764; Prenosov: 468
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