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Povzetek: In terms of upcoming energy directive for Nearly Zero Energy Houses (nZEB), we are very much focused on building skin and its properties. Not only thermal characteristics and design, but also durability and environmental aspects should play a role, when deciding on which system will be implemented. External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems or ETICS are generally made of adhesive, insulation, render with mesh reinforcement, primer and finish coat. In the following case study we have presented a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of three ETICS with different types of insulation: expanded polystyrene (EPS), mineral wool and wood fiber board insulation. The study complies to the standard EN 15804:2012. It was conducted in the program Gabi using the Gabi Professional 2012 Database. The scope of the study is covering the production phase (raw material supply, transport to the factory, manufacturing). We have compared the functional unit of 1 sqm of the ETICS system with U-value 0.27 W/m2K taking into account different environmental impact categories. In the calculation the characterization factors proposed by Centre of Environmental Science (CML) at Leiden University were used. The comparison of ETICS shows the important impact of the insulation type used. Also there are some differences in the amount of other ETICS components applied, since changing the type of insulation affects the environmental footprint of the ETICS.
Ključne besede: ETICS, life cycle assessment, nearly zero energy house, insulition types
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 788; Prenosov: 356
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Povzetek: V članku je predstavljena metodologija za izračun rabe energije v obstoječih stavbah, zaščitenih kot kulturna dediščina, s poudarkom na primerjavi mesečne in dinamične metode. Evropska in slovenska gradbena zakonodaja predvidevata postopno uvajanje dinamične metode, ki temelji na urnih vhodnih podatkih in simulira pogoje delovanja objekta na podlagi 3D-modela. V Sloveniji se poleg novega Pravilnika o učinkoviti rabi energije (PURES-3) uvaja tudi obvezna raba informacijskega modeliranja gradenj (BIM). V študiji smo preizkusili različne metodologije za pripravo in prenos podatkov v BIM okolju ter izvedli izračune z uporabo programske opreme CYPE Thermal, ki temelji na dinamičnem orodju EnergyPlus. Za referenčni objekt smo določili štiri scenarije, ki vključujejo različne posege na ovoju stavbe ter aktivno in pasivno senčenje. Ugotovili smo, da obstajajo pomembna odstopanja med obema metodama, ki se razlikujejo glede na specifične scenarije. Največji vpliv na razlike imata pogostost vhodnih podatkov o temperaturi okolice in solarni dobitki, ki jih dinamična metoda obravnava z večjo natančnostjo. Ta raziskava ponuja pomembne vpoglede v metodologijo izračuna energijske učinkovitosti stavb, kar je ključno za trajnostno prenovo obstoječega stavbnega fonda v Sloveniji.
Ključne besede: gradbena fizika, dinamične simulacije, učinkovita raba energije, spomeniško zaščitene stavbe, informacijsko modeliranje, BIM
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2025; Ogledov: 759; Prenosov: 397
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Ključne besede: smernica, sekundarni proizvodi, ponovna uporaba, reciklaža, LCA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.08.2024; Ogledov: 1172; Prenosov: 1054
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Povzetek: Considering the increasing demand for nanocrystalline-cellulose in the industry, due to its exceptional physical and biological properties, cheaper and more efficient production processes are sought. Addressing environmental concerns, especially within the framework of EU policies, this study employs Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of a novel nanocrystalline-cellulose production procedure, encompassing biomass depolymerization, rinsing, and bleaching. The LCA aims to identify environmental hotspots, explore mitigation measures, and enables comparisons with other LCA studies on nanocrystalline-cellulose. The results are calculated and reported for 19 environmental impact categories, using the ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment method. The production of 1 kg of dry nanocrystalline-cellulose using the novel process emits 63.7 kg CO2 equivalent, which is lower than the literature average (68 kg CO2 equivalent). The solvent (e.g. diethylene glycol) is the major contributor to the global warming potential and fossil-fuel depletion potential in the product stage of the nanocellulose, while the electricity requirements and glycerin represent environmental hotspots regarding 15 of the 19 impact categories assessed. In terms of the water-consumption potential, the environmental hotspot is production of raw materials (e.g. cotton fibers). Electricity contributes more than 50 % of the burden to the impact categories associated with ionizing radiation, the pollution of aquatic ecosystems and human toxicity related to cancer. It also holds a significant share of the burdens for terrestrial acidification (48 % of the impact), the formation of fine particulate matter (46 % of the impact), and human toxicity related to non-cancer diseases (37 % of the impact). This underscores the importance of optimizing the production process, possibly through upscaling. Additionally, incorporating on-site renewable energy sources and utilizing biomass-derived diethylene glycol can enhance the environmental performance of nanocrystalline-cellulose.
Ključne besede: LCA, cascade use, cellulose nanocrystals, pilot production, environmental performance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.02.2024; Ogledov: 1628; Prenosov: 887
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Povzetek: As we spend more than 90% of our time inside buildings, indoor environmental quality is a major concern for healthy living. Recent studies show that almost 80% of people in European countries and the United States suffer from SBS (Sick Building Syndrome), which affects physical health, productivity and psychological well-being. In this context, environmental quality monitoring provides stakeholders with crucial information about indoor living conditions, thus facilitating building management along its lifecycle, from design, construction and commissioning to usage, maintenance and end-of-life. However, currently available modelling tools for building management remain limited to static models and lack integration capacities to efficiently exploit environmental quality monitoring data. In order to overcome these limitations, we designed and implemented a generic software architecture that relies on accessible Building Information Model (BIM) attributes to add a dynamic layer that integrates environmental quality data coming from deployed sensors. Merging sensor data with BIM allows creation of a digital twin for the monitored building where live information about environmental quality enables evaluation through numerical simulation. Our solution allows accessing and displaying live sensor data, thus providing advanced functionality to the end-user and other systems in the building. In order to preserve genericity and separation of concerns, our solution stores sensor data in a separate database available through an application programming interface (API), which decouples BIM models from sensor data. Our proof-of-concept experiments were conducted with a cultural heritage building located in Bled, Slovenia. We demonstrated that it is possible to display live information regarding environmental quality (temperature, relative humidity, CO2, particle matter, light) using Revit as an example, thus enabling end-users to follow the conditions of their living environment and take appropriate measures to improve its quality
Ključne besede: Building Information Model, internet of things, environmental quality monitoring, healthy living
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.01.2024; Ogledov: 1330; Prenosov: 636
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