3.
Assessment of coastal pressures in the MSFD sub-regions of the SES : PERSEUS projectJean-François Cadiou,
Anik BrindʹAmour,
Alenka Malej,
Andra Oros, 2015, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav
Povzetek: The analysis of historical data sets and the results obtained from field studies about the pressures exerted on coastal ecosystems in 18 sites of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea showed that :
Inputs form Po and Danube rivers showed a high interannual variability. After an increase of eutrophication over the 70-80s, a decrease of nutrients inputs, especially of phosphate, was recorded since 1990. Positive impacts are seen on phytoplancton communities.
In the vicinity of most coastal big cities the policy measures taken in order to reduce polluted water discharges show their effectiveness although some local issues still exist.
Chemical contaminants levels decrease rapidly when the distance increase from point sources. However a large amount of coastal inputs is exported offshore. Attention should be paid to the fate and the impact of new emerging pollutants. At the basin scale, contaminant concentrations in biota show very different patterns depending on substances. For some substances, the biogeochemical background and the environmental conditions play a important role in the contamination of marine organisms.
There is globally no evidence of neither degradation nor clear trends regarding seagrass meadows. The status of seagrass habitats is correlated to water quality. It can be concluded that human pressures have not affected seagrass meadows in a irreversible way. Seagrass habitats can recover (slowly) when pressures decrease.
The rate of new introductions of Non Indigenous Species has been increasing at all coastal study areas after 2000. An increase of the Lessepsian species migration is seen, in link with climate change
The analysis of 18 years of data about demersal fish communities showed a geographic variability in functional group (FG) biomass trends. Nearly half of the studied Mediterranean areas shows an increase of FG biomass. Changes respond mainly to nutrient inputs trends and to a lesser extent fishing pressure.
Marine litter is increasing pressure on marine ecosystems. The majority of items were made of plastic often exceeding the global average of 75%. Some harmful effects on fauna are documented (birds, turtles…) but impact is poorly known.
The lack of standardized methods for underwater noise measurements make difficult to assess the level of the pressure and the impact on marine ecosystems.
Ključne besede: sea, water directive, marine strategy framework directive, population dynamics, Gulf of Trieste, jellyfish, PERSEUS, environmental parameters
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 562; Prenosov: 801
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