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Povzetek: Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are a class of neural network algorithms able to visually describe a high-dimensional dataset onto a two-dimensional grid. SOMs were explored to classify soils based on an array of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Methods: The SOM analysis was performed considering soil physical, chemical, and microbial data gathered from an array of apple orchards and strawberry plantations managed by organic or conventional methods and located in different European climatic zones. Results: The SOM analysis considering the “climatic zone” categorical variables was able to discriminate the samples from the three zones for both crops. The zones were associated with different soil textures and chemical characteristics, and for both crops, the Continental zone was associated with microbial parameters—including biodiversity indices derived from the NGS data analysis. However, the SOM analysis based on the “management method” categorical variables was not able to discriminate the soils between organic and integrated management. Conclusions: This study allowed for the Soil Syst. 2025, 9, 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems9010010 Soil Syst. 2025, 9, 10 2 of 14 discrimination of soils of medium- and long-term fruit crops based on their pedo-climatic characteristics and associating these characteristics to some indicators of the soil biome, pointing to the possibility of better understanding the interactions among diverse variables, which could support unraveling the intricate web of relationships that define soil quality.
Ključne besede: apple, neural networks, soil microbiome diversity, strawberry
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.02.2025; Ogledov: 345; Prenosov: 136
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Povzetek: Short-term modified-atmosphere storage with an adjusted CO$_2$ and/or O$_2$ concentration could recover blueberry fruit infested with the larvae of quarantine pests. However, this could significantly affect the fruit quality. In our experiment we investigated the performance of highbush blueberry Bluecrop fruit (firmness, peel color, individual phenolics, sugars, and organic acids) under four short-term storage regimes: (1) a regular atmosphere with 0.03% CO$_2$, 21% O$_2$, and 78% N$_2$ at 22 °C, i.e., the control; (2) a regular atmosphere with 0.03% CO$_2$, 21% O$_2$, and 78% N$_2$ at 2 ; (3) a modified atmosphere with 10% CO$_2$, 5% O$_2$, and 85% N$_2$ at 2 °C; and (4) a modified atmosphere with 100% CO$_2$ at 2 °C. Fruit sampling took place after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Fruit firmness was not significantly altered by storage regime or duration, while some significant, but minor, changes were detected in the color parameters. Regarding the primary metabolites, the sugar/organic acid ratio stagnated in the first 48 h in all storage regimes. The content of the majority of the individual phenolics was significantly higher in the fruit stored under control conditions. From our results, we can conclude that the short-term storage of highbush blueberry Bluecrop fruit for 24 h in a cold atmosphere does not affect the phenolic content, and storage for 48 h does not affect the total sugar/organic acid ratio, regardless of the atmosphere composition.
Ključne besede: bluecrop, peel color, primary metabolites, phenolics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.12.2024; Ogledov: 358; Prenosov: 216
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Povzetek: Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is an agricultural pest of solanaceous crops, notorious for its rapid resistance development to chemical pesticides. Foliar spraying of dsRNA formulations is a promising innovative technology providing highly specific and environmentally acceptable option for CPB management. We designed dsRNA to silence CPB mesh gene (dsMESH) and performed laboratory feeding trials to assess impacts on beetle survival and development. We compared the effectiveness of in vivo and in vitro produced dsRNA in a series of laboratory experiments. We additionally performed a field trial in which the efficacy of dsRNA sprayed onto potato foliage was compared to a spinosad-based insecticide. We showed that dsMESH ingestion consistently and significantly impaired larval growth and decreased larval survival in laboratory feeding experiments. In vivo produced dsRNA performed similarly as in vitro synthesized dsRNA in laboratory settings. In the field trial, dsMESH was as effective in controlling CPB larvae as a commercial spinosad insecticide, its activity was however slower. We discuss limitations and benefits of a potential dsMESH-based CPB management strategy and list some important RNAi based CPB research topics, which will have to be addressed in future.
Ključne besede: RNA interference, RNA interference feeding, ds RNA, gene silencing, RNAi pest control, survival analysis, field trial
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Ogledov: 686; Prenosov: 212
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Ključne besede: conservation biological control, pest control, functional diversity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.09.2022; Ogledov: 1232; Prenosov: 504
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Povzetek: The spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)) is a highly invasive species and attacking different species of berry carrying hosts. Much research has already been done on the crop hosts over the world and in Slovenia, but for wild hosts less is known. On basis of literature and fieldwork we prepared a list of potential and actual known species of wild hosts for Slovenia. In 2019, berries of different species were collected and D. suzukii was either reared from these berries or berries were dissected. In total we found in the literature for Europe 99 species which were used as host for D. suzukii. For Slovenia we found 71 potential hosts and 14 hosts which were actually infested. in Slovenia there was a broad range of potential hosts from 41 genera. The genera with the most potential hosts were Prunus, Lonicera and Vaccinium. Among the potential hosts were also many species which were invasive alien or alien species. The list was discussed in the context of management implications and further research on D. suzukii in Slovenia.
Ključne besede: spotted wing drosophila, berries, potential hosts, wild hosts, forests, pest control, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.12.2020; Ogledov: 1800; Prenosov: 818
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