1. Hidden sodium in effervescent food supplements : labelling practices and product compositionKatja Žmitek, Maša Hribar, Hristo Hristov, Vid Vičič, Igor Pravst, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Effervescent food supplements contain mineral carbonates and organic acids that enable carbon dioxide release. While sodium content is well established for effervescent medicines, data for food supplements remain limited. Sodium labelling is not mandatory for food supplements in the European Union. Effervescent tablets are consumed as beverages and may be used daily, potentially contributing to total sodium intake relevant for cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to examine the sodium content and labelling practices of the effervescent food supplements available in Slovenia. A cross-sectional representative sample of 71 effervescent supplements containing vitamins and/or minerals was analysed. Sodium content was quantified using an accredited inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method. The mean sodium content per dose unit was 253 ± 108 mg. The highest mean levels were observed in products containing vitamins&minerals (N = 18; 314 ± 109 mg), and the lowest in calcium containing products (N = 9; 136 ± 59 mg). With recommended intakes of up to three dose units per day, sodium exposure may reach 740 mg, corresponding to up to 37% of the EFSA reference intake of 2000 mg/day. Effervescent food supplements can represent a notable and often overlooked source of dietary sodium.
Ključne besede: food supplements, dietary supplements, food labelling, sodium, effervescent tablets, salt
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.07.2026; Ogledov: 180; Prenosov: 155
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2. Occurrence of clinically relevant thyroid nodules in adultsKatja Zaletel, Katja Tuta, Tina Ušaj, Katica Bajuk-Studen, Nataša Bedernjak-Bajuk, Miha Jesenko, Tanja Radevska, Edvard Pirnat, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Maša Hribar, Igor Pravst, Simona Gaberšček, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: We aimed to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of thyroid nodules in a nationally representative population as well as in women of reproductive age from a geographic area with adequate iodine intake over the last two decades. Patients and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 653 adult participants from three groups: a nationally representative gender-mixed group (205 participants) and women of reproductive age, including non-pregnant (306 participants) and pregnant (142 participants) women. For each participant, demographic data were collected, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, thyroid volume was estimated, and the presence and size of thyroid nodules were recorded with high-resolution ultrasound. The ultrasound characteristics were analysed. Results: Among the nationally representative participants, nodules were detected in 44.9%, with 39.0% larger than 5 mm and 13.7% larger than 0.5 mL. Among women of reproductive age, nodules were detected in 22.5%, with 14.1% larger than 5 mm and only 2.0% greater than 0.5 mL. The prevalence and size of nodules increased significantly with age in all groups, being significantly lower in non-pregnant women than in pregnant women, who were also older. In non-pregnant women of reproductive age, the number of nodules increased significantly after the age of 25, with the number of nodules larger than 5 mm increasing only after the age of 40. Conclusions: Thyroid nodules are prevalent in the population, but are rarely clinically significant. Therefore, screening for thyroid nodules in asymptomatic individuals with normal thyroid findings on clinical examination should be avoided.
Ključne besede: pregnancy, reproductive period, thyroid nodule
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.04.2026; Ogledov: 346; Prenosov: 326
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3. Sodium Content in Effervescent Food Supplements: Dataset of Products Sampled in SloveniaHristo Hristov, Igor Pravst, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Ključne besede: food supplements, dietary supplements, food labelling, sodium, effervescent tablets, salt, prehranska dopolnila, prehranski dodatki, označevanje živil, natrij, šumeče tablete, sol
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.03.2026; Ogledov: 451; Prenosov: 147
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4. A comparative evaluation of the use of a food composition database and nutrition declarations for nutrient profilingNaja Eržen, Mike Rayner, Igor Pravst, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: nutrient profile, food composition databases, food supply, food quality, health claims, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2026; Ogledov: 502; Prenosov: 782
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5. Coenzyme Q10 : usage and pharmaceutical preparationsJanko Žmitek, Igor Pravst, Katja Žmitek, Nina Barišić, 2011, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Coenzyme Q10 has an important role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, where it acts as an electron carrier, and is the only endogenous antioxidant in the human body. A part of Q10 is also supplied to the body by food. The biological role of CoQ10 is built on its redox equilibrium and continuous transformation between ubiquinone and ubiquinol. Due to natural reduction of CoQ10 during or following intestinal absorption its function in the body is not affected by the form in which it is consumed. A decline in CoQ10 levels can be observed with increasing age, especially in the most active organs, while the beneficial effect of supplementation has been observed in many medical conditions. Due to its physical properties CoQ10 is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A general rule is that the higher the dose that is orally administered, the lower is the percent of the dose absorbed. Oil suspensions (soft-gel capsules) of ubiquinone and later ubiquionol represent the first important steps in increasing the bioavailabilit y, while a further breakthrough was achieved with the development of water-soluble forms.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2026; Ogledov: 509; Prenosov: 176
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6. Priporočila za zagotavljanje kakovosti prehranskih dopolnilIgor Pravst, Urška Blaznik, Aleš Krbavčič, Samo Kreft, Anita Kušar, Elizabeta Mičović, Barbara Razinger-Mihovec, Marjeta Recek, Jona Repe, Irena Rogelj, Vekoslava Stibilj, 2012, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Prehranska dopolnila so živila, namenjena dopolnjevanju običajne prehrane. So koncentrirani viri posameznih ali kombiniranih hranil ali drugih snovi s hranilnim ali drugim fiziološkim učinkom in so običajno na tržišču v obliki kapsul, pastil, tablet in drugih podobnih oblikah, kot prašek v vrečkah, tekočina v ampulah, v kapalnih stekleničkah in v drugih podobnih oblikah, ki so pripravljene tako, da se prehranska dopolnila lahko uživa v odmerjenih, majhnih količinskih enotah. Prehransko dopolnilo mora biti varno za uporabo, označeno in predstavljano mora biti tako, da ne zavaja potrošnika, njegova sestava pa mora ustrezati označbi do konca roka uporabnosti proizvoda, hranjenega po navodilih proizvajalca. Ta priporočila predstavljajo pomoč nosilcem dejavnosti pri zagotavljanju kakovosti prehranskih dopolnil in izhodišče za ocenjevanje kakovosti prehranskih dopolnil na tržišču.
Ključne besede: prehranska dopolnila, kontrola kvalitete, kakovost, varnost
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2026; Ogledov: 508; Prenosov: 366
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7. Kriteriji za izbor rastlinskih prehranskih dopolnil za prodajo v lekarniSamo Kreft, Igor Pravst, Igor Klinc, Matjaž Tuš, Marjeta Selak, Tjaša Prevodnik, 2018, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Prehranska dopolnila, še posebno tista z zdravilnimi rastlinami, so izdelki, katerih kakovost je odvisna od mnogih dejavnikov. Nekateri dejavniki kakovosti so opredeljeni z zakonodajo in jih nadzorujejo državni organi, drugi pa so prepuščeni presoji tržišča. Ker potrošniki večinoma niso dovolj strokovno podkovani, je smiselno, da jim pri izbiri kakovostnih prehranskih dopolnil pomagajo lekarniški farmacevti. Pri presoji lahko uporabljajo navedbe na ovojnini in priloženih navodilih, lahko pa od proizvajalca zahtevajo dodatno dokumentacijo.
Ključne besede: certifikat, kakovost, varnost izdelkov, označba izdelkov
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2026; Ogledov: 426; Prenosov: 287
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8. Ključna hranila za zdravje okostjaIgor Pravst, Cirila Hlastan-Ribič, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Zdravje okostja ima velik vpliv na kakovost življenja posameznika pa tudi na socialno-ekonomske stroške razvitih držav. Zelo pomembno vlogo pri tem imata pridobitev optimalne maksimalne mineralne gostote kosti (MGK) v mladosti ter upočasnjevanje izgube kostne mase s staranjem. Ko govorimo o bolezenskih stanjih okostja, je potrebno razlikovati med dvema stanjema. Osteopenija je pojav zmanjšane MGK in predstavlja dejavnik tveganja za razvoj osteoporoze, bolezenskega stanja, za katerega so poleg zmanjšanja MGK značilne tudi spremembe notranje zgradbe kosti in posledično povečana krhkost ter dovzetnost za zlome. Primerna prehrana in zadostna telesna aktivnost sta ključna zaščitna vedenjska dejavnika. Predmet članka je obravnava vloge najpomembnejših hranil pri vzdrževanju zdravega okostja. Poleg kalcija, vitamina D in vitamina K, ki so obravnavani podrobneje, v prispevku razpravljava tudi o nekaterih drugih, za strukturo kosti pomembnih hranilih, predvsem magneziju, beljakovinah in fosforju. Priporočene dnevne vnose z vsemi naštetimi hranili lahko večinoma zagotovimo z uživanjem raznovrstne in uravnotežene prehrane, katere pomemben del tvorijo mlečni izdelki, pelagične ribe in zelena zelenjava. Razprava tudi navaja, v katerih primerih je potrebno razmišljati o dodajanju teh hranil prehrani.
Ključne besede: osteoporoza, prehrana, minerali, vitamini
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2026; Ogledov: 483; Prenosov: 347
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