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1.
Comparison of elemental composition of surface and subsurface soils on national level and identification of potential natural and anthropogenic processes influencing its composition
Emil Pučko, Gorazd Žibret, Klemen Teran, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The elemental composition of soils is governed by geogenic processes and anthropogenic activities. A comprehensive soil study was conducted on a national level, in which the elemental composition of soils from two different layers was compared with the intention to differentiate between natural and anthropogenic sources of elemental enrichments. Topsoil (0–5 cm) and subsoil (20–30 cm) samples were collected from 249 different locations on a national scale (Slovenia). Elemental composition for 55 major, minor, and trace elements (ICP-MS, aqua regia digestion) was determined on the fraction <0.063 mm. By calculating the enrichment ratios in different lithological units, it was determined that levels of Ti are higher in soils overlying metamorphic and igneous rocks, Zr and Ca are more abundant over carbonates, while levels of Ni are higher in soils overlying marlstones. Elevated levels of Hg were detected in subsoils in the historical Hg mining area in Idrija, which indicates the presence of nearby orebodies as a potential source for the geochemical anomaly. Spatial distribution of elements showed that higher levels of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Hg were detected in topsoils of urban areas, indicating that anthropogenic sources could be the potential cause of soil contamination. Pb, Zn, Cu, and Hg levels were up to four times higher in topsoils compared to subsoils sampled at historical mining areas (e.g., Mežica, Idrija, Litija), which shows that historical mining left a significant environmental impact. Although mining and smelting activities ended a few decades ago, soils in some areas are still heavily enriched with various metals. Some other potential anthropogenic sources of elements were identified, such as farming and ironworks. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that by comparing elemental compositions of soils from different layers, we can recognise the origin of elemental enrichments.
Ključne besede: smelting, mining, urbanisation, traffic, ironworks, weathering
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.03.2024; Ogledov: 54; Prenosov: 23
.pdf Celotno besedilo (16,11 MB)

2.
Manual for use of Al-containing residues in low-carbon mineral binders
Sabina Dolenec, Katja Malovrh Rebec, Anja Lešek, Katarina Šter, Lea Žibret, Gorazd Žibret, Klemen Teran, Emil Pučko, Ildikó Merta, Bojan Poletanovic, Elena Yaneva, Peter Kesserű, Ildikó Kovács, Bence Kószó, Alexandra Németh, Richard Laucournet, Mustafa Hadžalić, Emilija Fidanchevski, Biljana Angjusheva, Vojo Jovanov, Miloš Nenadović, Snežana B. Nenadović, Ivana Vukanac, Liljana Kraljević, Mojca Loncnar, Andrej Ipavec, 2020, slovar, enciklopedija, leksikon, priročnik, atlas, zemljevid

Povzetek: Današnje družbe si ni več mogoče predstavljati brez sodobne infrastrukture, ki temelji na uporabi različnih materialov ter zahteva veliko porabo energije. Vzporedno s proizvodnjo materialov, nastajajo ogromne količine različnih industrijskih in rudarskih ostankov (odpadki/stranski proizvodi), ki jih trenutno ne izkoriščamo, sama odlagališča pa so premalo raziskana. Cilj Evropske unije (EU) je povečati učinkovito rabo virov in ponudbo sekundarnih surovin z recikliranjem, popisom odpadkov iz rudarskih in drugih industrijskih dejavnosti ter njihova ponovna uporaba. Veliko industrijskih in rudarskih odpadkov je obogatenih z aluminijem (Al), zato lahko nadomeščajo naravne vire Al v mineralnih veznih, vendar njihova uporaba zahteva obsežno poznavanje njihovih kemijskih, mineraloških, radioloških in fizikalnih lastnosti. Priročnik, ki so ga pripravili partnerji projekta RIS-ALiCE obravnava zakonodajne vidike, ki urejajo uporabo sekundarnih surovin v gradbenih proizvodih, opis najpogostejših industrijskih in rudarskih ostankov, ki vsebujejo Al (nahajališča boksitov, rdeče blato, jeklarske žlindre, pepeli iz različnih industrij, itd.), potencial njihove ponovne uporabe in njihov ekonomski vidik, potencialne zahteve/ovire za uporabo sekundarnih surovin v cementni industriji in opis belitno-sulfoaluminatnih cementov, ki so obetavna rešitev za izvajanje krožnega gospodarstva z uporabo velikih količin odloženih industrijskih in rudarskih odpadkov, bogatih z Al.
Ključne besede: gradbeni proizvodi, ponovna uporaba, ekonomski vidik, industrija cementa, krožno gospodarstvo, industrijski odpadki, zakonodaja, elektronske knjige
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2024; Ogledov: 158; Prenosov: 68
.pdf Celotno besedilo (4,51 MB)
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3.
Underwater measurements with UX robots; a new and available tool developed by UNEXUP
Norbert Zajzon, Boglárka Anna Topa, Richárd Zoltán Papp, Jussi Aaltonen, José Miguel Almeida, Carlos Almeida, Alfredo Martins, Balázs Bodó, Stephen Henley, Márcio Tameirão Pinto, Gorazd Žibret, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The UNEXMIN (Horizon 2020) and UNEXUP (EIT RawMaterials) projects developed a novel technology to send robots and even autonomously deliver optical images, 3D maps and other georeferenced scientific data from flooded underground environments, like abandoned mines, caves or wells. The concept turned into a market ready solution in seven years, where the last few years of field trials of the development beautifully demonstrating the technology's premier capabilities. Here in this paper, we focus on the wide variety of environments, circumstances and measurements where the UNEXMIN technology can be the best solution or the only solution to deliver certain research or engineering data. These are obtained from both simple and complex environments like different mines and caves, small and large cavities, long and tight tunnels and shafts, different visibility conditions, even different densities of the liquid medium where UX robots operated.
Ključne besede: autonomous robot, underwater measurements, UNEXUP project
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.09.2023; Ogledov: 286; Prenosov: 102
.pdf Celotno besedilo (8,86 MB)

4.
Neogene block rotation inside the dextral fault zone at the Adriatic-European collision zone: reexamination of existing results
Lea Žibret, Gorazd Žibret, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The study focused on the post-Middle-Miocene stress analysis within the dextral strike-slip zone of the Dinaric fault system in the collision zone between the European plate, the Adria microplate and the Pannonian Domain. Block rotations were studied by re-examination of available paleostress data and their spatial distribution. The results are in agreement with the existing block model of the area, indicating CCW rotations within blocks between the main strike-slip faults in which rotation angle increases from W to E. The improved kinematic model, which is proposed in this study, will contribute to the knowledge on the kinematics within the complex collision zones and improve the seismic hazard models.
Ključne besede: collision zone, NW External Dinarides, Southern Alps, paleostress tensor, strike-slip zone, block rotation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.07.2023; Ogledov: 323; Prenosov: 139
.pdf Celotno besedilo (8,47 MB)

5.
Elemental associations in stream and alluvial sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities
Gorazd Žibret, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Stream and alluvial sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna rivers were sampled, and sediment fractions <0.063 and 0.063–0.125 mm were analyzed on the content of 60 of the main and trace elements. The objective was to determine elemental associations and identify possible sources of these associations. Differences of Al/Ti oxides ratio (9.7–26) can be attributed to the variations in the source rocks, while the K/Al oxides ratio indicates erosional or depositional river regime and variation in source rocks. One anthropogenic and three natural associations of elements were identified. The anthropogenic association (Ag, In, Sb, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Bi, Mo and Sn) is linked to historic Zn smelting in the Celje area, and the subsequent erosion of the material from inadequately managed pyrometallurgical waste deposit. The second association (Li, Sc, Al, V, Cs and Ga) is linked to clay minerals, the third one (Mg, Ca and Te) to carbonate rocks, and the fourth one (Hf, Zr) to the heavy mineral fraction.
Ključne besede: heavy metals, smelting, weathering, erosion, deposition, farming, waste
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.07.2022; Ogledov: 534; Prenosov: 378
.pdf Celotno besedilo (5,57 MB)
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6.
Impact of urbanization and steel mill emissions on elemental composition of street dust and corresponding particle characterization
Klemen Teran, Gorazd Žibret, Mattia Fanetti, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Street Dust (SD) acts as a sink and source of atmospheric particles containing Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and can pose a possible pathway of PTEs to human bodies. Comprehensive SD study, where 249 samples were collected from rural, urban and industrialized areas aimed to increase the understanding between sedimentation of atmospheric dust derived from anthropogenic activities and elemental composition of SD. Elemental composition for 53 elements (ICP-MS, aqua regia digestion) was determined on fraction <0.063 mm. Significantly increased levels of Sn-Cu-Sb-Bi-Ag-Ba-Mo-Pt-Pb and other elements have been detected in urban environments, compared to the rural ones. SEM/EDS investigation identified that main carriers of Ba, Cu and Sn are most likely particles derived from non-exhaust traffic emissions. Areas around steel mills show a strong enrichment with Cr, Mo, Ni and W, which exponentially decreases with the increased distance from the plant, reaching corresponding urban background 15 and 20 km from the source. SEM/EDS inspection identified spherical and melted irregular particles as the main carriers of the above-mentioned elements. City managers shall adapt measures to reduce amount of vehicular traffic and quantity of deposited SD on the public surfaces and encourage green city planning, while industrial emitters are encouraged to reduce their dust emissions.
Ključne besede: ironwork, pollution, potentially toxic elements, Slovenia, traffic
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Ogledov: 571; Prenosov: 278
.pdf Celotno besedilo (10,32 MB)

7.
Building of the Al-Containing secondary raw materials registry for the production of low CO2 mineral binders in South-Eastern European region
Gorazd Žibret, Klemen Teran, Lea Žibret, Katarina Šter, Sabina Dolenec, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The bottleneck in the process for increasing production of low CO2 mineral binders, based on BCSA (belite sulfoaluminate) clinkers, is the availability of Al-rich raw materials. For that purpose, a new registry of Al-containing secondary mineral residues (industrial and mine waste) has been developed and is presented in this paper. The methodology of creating the registry consists of three main steps: Gathering ideas, consolidation of ideas, and implementation. In order to achieve this, the following methodology was adopted: Analysis of similar registries by potential end-users and seeking potential solutions and tools to be used, and conducting 3 rounds of stakeholder consultations via workshops in order to determine crucial parameters and features the registry needs to contain. The key discussion points were about which data the registry needs to contain, who shall be the potential users, and what are the stakeholderʼs expectations from the registryʼs portal. Potential individual registry variables were identified as being relevant/irrelevant or available/unavailable, and potential solutions for the registrys sustainability were explored. Each Al-rich waste/residue data entry is divided into 10 slots, describing legal status, location, quantities, chemical (REE included), mineralogical, physical and radiological properties, life-cycle assessment, additional data, and data relevancy. The registry will act as a matchmaking tool between producers/holders of Al-rich secondary raw materials and potential producers of cement clinkers.
Ključne besede: cement, belite sulfoaluminate clinker, waste, by--product, deležniki
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Ogledov: 499; Prenosov: 302
.pdf Celotno besedilo (2,23 MB)
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8.
The valorisation of selected quarry and mine waste for sustainable cement production within the concept of circular economy
Emilija Fidanchevski, Katarina Šter, Maruša Mrak, Ljiljana Kljajević, Gorazd Žibret, Klemen Teran, Bojan Poletanovic, Monika Fidanchevska, Sabina Dolenec, Ildikó Merta, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The cement industry could potentially consume large amounts of solid industrial waste in order to improve its sustainability. The suitability of selected quarry and mine waste as secondary raw materials (SRM) was examined for the sustainable production of cement following the concept of a circular economy. The chemical, mineralogical, and radiological characterization of SRM was conducted in this study. Its potential use in low-carbon and low-energy belite-sulfoaluminate cement was investigated by incorporating the examined SRM into cement clinker. Various characterization methods were used to characterize the cement, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/TG), and isothermal calorimetry. Depending on the chemical composition of the waste, lower or higher amounts were allowed to be incorporated into the raw clinker mixture for a targeted clinker phase composition. Among the samples, differences were observed in the phase composition of synthesized clinkers, which slightly influenced the reactivity of the cement but did not significantly change the compressive strength of the final product.
Ključne besede: mineralne surovine, rudarski odpadki, rudniki, kamnolomi, cement, klinker, krožno gospodarstvo, BCSA clinker, cement, circular economy, clinker, mine wastes, quarry waste
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Ogledov: 575; Prenosov: 298
.pdf Celotno besedilo (3,34 MB)
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9.
Distribution of Pb, Zn and Cd in stream and alluvial sediments in the area with past Zn smelting operations
Gorazd Žibret, Barbara Čeplak, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The sources of Zn, Pb and Cd in alluvial and stream sediments have been studied in the area of historical Zn smelting tradition. 30 samples of stream sediments and samples from 4 alluvial sediment profiles were collected. Fractions 0.125–0.063 and < 0.063 mm were analysed by the means of ICP-MS prior 4-acid digestion. The highest levels of Zn, Cd and Pb were detected in the alluvial sediments in the closest vicinity to the abandoned slag and ore roasting residue waste dumps, reaching 96 and 4520 mg/kg, 522 and 26,800 mg/kg and 3.7 and 31 mg/kg for Pb, Zn and Cd in stream and alluvial sediments, respectively. The Voglajna River then transports contamination particles into the Savinja River, which afterwards flows into the Sava River. Consequently, the anomaly can even be detected in the Sava River, more than 30 km downstream. Higher levels of Pb, Zn and Cd have been found in fraction < 0.063 mm compared to 0.125–0.063 mm fraction. Impacts of historically contaminated soil erosion and in particular the wash-out of Zn-smelting waste from the improperly managed waste dump were recognised as the dominant sources of Zn, Cd and Pb in the stream and alluvial sediments.
Ključne besede: onesnaženje okolja, rečni sedimenti, porazdelitev elementov, topilništvo
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.03.2022; Ogledov: 587; Prenosov: 214
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,76 MB)

10.
UNEXUP: robot-based exploration technology for underground flooded mines
Márcio Tameirão Pinto, Gorazd Žibret, Luís Lopes, Balázs Bodó, Norbert Zajzon, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: UNEXUP is a direct continuation of the UNEXMIN project. In UNEXMIN efforts were made towards the design, development and testing of a robotic exploration technology for underground flooded mines, with navigational and geoscientific instruments. In UNEXUP the main goal is to raise commercial interest and improve the system's hardware, software and capabilities. The UX-1 NEO, to be developed and tested in 2020, will address the limitations detected during UNEXMIN field missions, and will meet the needs and requirements from mining companies, geological surveys and other potential customers. In addition, a new robot will be built and added to the system, to be ready in 2021, which will open further mineral exploration possibilities.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2021; Ogledov: 1422; Prenosov: 694
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,68 MB)

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