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Povzetek: Objective Primary headaches are a prevalent health concern among children and adolescents, often affecting their quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that hydration status may play a role in primary headache occurrence and severity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hydration on headache characteristics in children and adolescents with primary headaches. Methods A total of 60 children and adolescents diagnosed with primary headaches were enrolled from the outpatient Headache Clinic of the Department of Paediatric Neurology at the University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, between May and September 2023. Participants received personalised hydration recommendations based on established Slovenian dietary guidelines and guidance on appropriate fluid choices. The primary outcome was headache frequency, intensity, and duration, measured at baseline and after the four-month intervention using a headache questionnaire. Fluid intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, while hydration status was evaluated in a sub-group (n=28) using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results Following the four-month intervention, participants demonstrated a significant increase in daily fluid intake from 5–8 glasses/day (one glass=200 mL) to 8–10 glasses/day (p<0.001), which was associated with a reduction in primary headache frequency (1–2 times/week to 3 times/month; p<0.001) and headache intensity (7/10–5/10; p<0.001). However, no significant effect was observed on headache duration (3 hours/headache to 2 hours/headache; p=0.19). Following the intervention, hydration status improved, as evidenced by significant increases in median total body water and extracellular water (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively), while the total body water to extracellular water ratio remained unchanged. Conclusions This study provides novel evidence supporting adequate fluid intake and hydration as a non-pharmacological intervention for reducing primary headache frequency and intensity in paediatric populations.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.07.2026; Ogledov: 119; Prenosov: 81
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Povzetek: Background: Physical activity induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, at moderate levels mediate beneficial physiological adaptations, including insulin sensitivity and enhanced antioxidant defense. However, excessive ROS production during intense exercise may exceed endogenous antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative stress and muscle damage. Objective: This study examined the effects of 30-day high-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (9 g/day) on plasma fatty acid composition and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in recreational (n = 11) and trained (n = 10) runners, with emphasis on group- and time-specific responses. Methods: Plasma levels of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were assessed at three time points: pre-, during, and post-supplementation period. Enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured at six time points, including before and after exercise sessions involving a 2800 m run followed by a 400 m sprint. Results: Omega-3 supplementation increased plasma EPA and DHA. In trained runners, it was associated with a transient reduction in GPx and a pronounced mid-phase decline in SOD, whereas enzyme activities remained stable in recreational runners. CAT activity did not change significantly in either group. Conclusions: Short-term high-dose omega-3 supplementation modulates antioxidant enzyme activity in a group- and time-dependent manner. The observed downregulation of GPx and SOD in trained runners may reflect altered redox signaling; however, its relevance for exercise performance remains uncertain. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the physiological and functional consequences of these findings.
Ključne besede: physical activity, running, reactive oxygen species, omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 472; Prenosov: 329
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Povzetek: Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridioides difficile is highly prevalent in early infancy, affecting approximately 40% of infants. This phenomenon offers a unique opportunity to study its impact on the gut microbiota without the confounding effects of disease. In this study, we analysed C. difficile-associated gut microbiome alterations in 76 asymptomatic infants, one year after receiving antibiotic treatment during early infancy. The presence and concentration of C. difficile were assessed in relation to gut microbiota structure and an extensive set of metadata. Results: Bacterial gut community structure was characterized using 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing, while C. difficile concentration and the presence of the tcdB gene were quantified via digital PCR. C. difficile was detected in 36.8% of infants, with 10.5% testing positive for the tcdB gene. Significant alterations in gut microbiota were observed in relation to C. difficile concentration. Specifically, higher C. difficile loads were associated with reduced microbial diversity, greater deviations from average community structure, and co-occurrence with the genus Escherichia. Conversely, C. difficile colonization alone or the presence of the tcdB gene did not result in significant gut microbiota alterations. Additionally, no host-specific factors were significantly linked to C. difficile prevalence or concentration. Conclusions: Asymptomatic carriage of C. difficile in neonates is not associated with significant gut microbiota alterations unless pathogen concentration is considered. Our findings suggest that elevated C. difficile proliferation occurs in dysbiotic infant gut microbiota, characterized by reduced alpha diversity and an increase in Escherichia.
Ključne besede: gut microbiota, Clostridioides difficile, infant, asymptomatic, dysbiosis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.12.2025; Ogledov: 722; Prenosov: 332
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Ključne besede: IBD, western diet, immune cels, microbiota, systems biology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.10.2025; Ogledov: 901; Prenosov: 398
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Povzetek: Background. Commercial enteral formulas are generally recommended for gastrostomy feeding in patients with severe neurologic impairment. However, pureed food diets are still widely used and even gaining popularity among certain groups. We tried to compare the effectiveness of gastrostomy feeding for treatment of severe malnutrition with either enteral formulas or pureed feeds. Patients and methods. A 6-month nutritional intervention was made with 37 malnourished children, adolescents and young adults (2%26 years old) with severe neurologic impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification system [GMFCS] grade V). The individual needs were calculated. Participants were fed by gastrostomy with either enteral formulas (n = 17) or pureed food (n = 20). Measurements to assess nutritional status were made at the beginning and at the end of intervention. Results. The Z scores for weight-for-age and for the body-mass index increased more in enteral formula than in pureed food group (2.07 vs. 0.70, p = 0.0012; and 3.75 vs. 0.63, p = 0.0014, respectively). Fat mass index increased more in enteral formula than in pureed food group (1.12 kg/m2 vs. 0.38 kg/m2; p = 0.0012). Patients in the enteral formula group showed increase in lean body mass expressed as fat-free mass index (0.70 kg/m2), while those in pureed food group did not (-0.06 kg/m2) (p = 0.0487). Conclusions. The results suggest that even professionally planned pureed food diet is less effective than commercial enteral formula for nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients with severe neurologic impairment. However, larger and if possible randomised clinical studies should be made to confirm our findings.
Ključne besede: malnutrition, severe neurologic impairment, gastrostomy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2024; Ogledov: 1309; Prenosov: 455
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