1. Efficacy of thyroid cyst sclerotherapy with polidocanolŽiga Merčun, Laura Martinjak, Edvard Pirnat, Simona Gaberšček, Katja Zaletel, Katica Bajuk-Studen, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Simple cysts are a common form of thyroid nodules. If the cyst is symptomatic, recurs after fine needle aspiration or increases in size, sclerotherapy of the cyst is indicated. Polidocanol can be used as a sclerosing agent, but there are few studies evaluating the efficacy of polidocanol in the sclerotherapy of thyroid cysts. Patients and methods: We conducted a clinical retrospective study in adult patients diagnosed with a simple thyroid cyst with largest diameter greater than 15 mm. Patients were treated with thyroid cyst sclerotherapy with polidocanol (group A, N = 36), ultrasound-guided fine-needle evacuation of the cyst (group B, N = 41) or they received no treatment and were managed only by follow-up (group C, N = 28). Thereafter, the size of the thyroid cyst at least 12 months after the baseline evaluation was recorded. Results: The three groups of patients did not differ significantly in terms of gender, thyrotropin level, thyroid antibody positivity or thyroglobulin level. However, they differed significantly in age (46.5 ± 15.8 years for group A, 51.2 ± 17.4 years for group B and 65.8 ± 13.7 years for group C, p < 0.001). The three patient groups differed significantly in the initial volume of cysts (20.1 ± 13.8 mL for group A, 15.0 ± 17.8 mL for group B and 4.2 ± 4.5 mL for group C, p < 0.001). In groups A and B, the final volume of the cyst was significantly lower than the initial volume (7.6 ± 12.1 mL, p < 0.001, and 6.1 ± 10.4 mL, p < 0.001, respectively), but not in group C (5.3 ± 7.9 mL). There was no significant difference in final cyst volume between the three groups (p = 0.764). Conclusions: The results of our study show that sclerotherapy of thyroid cysts with polidocanol is an effective and safe method for the treatment of large thyroid cysts. Currently, such treatment is more commonly used in younger patients.
Ključne besede: thyroid, cyst, sclerotherapy, polidocanol
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.06.2026; Ogledov: 179; Prenosov: 124
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2. Occurrence of clinically relevant thyroid nodules in adultsKatja Zaletel, Katja Tuta, Tina Ušaj, Katica Bajuk-Studen, Nataša Bedernjak-Bajuk, Miha Jesenko, Tanja Radevska, Edvard Pirnat, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Maša Hribar, Igor Pravst, Simona Gaberšček, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: We aimed to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of thyroid nodules in a nationally representative population as well as in women of reproductive age from a geographic area with adequate iodine intake over the last two decades. Patients and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 653 adult participants from three groups: a nationally representative gender-mixed group (205 participants) and women of reproductive age, including non-pregnant (306 participants) and pregnant (142 participants) women. For each participant, demographic data were collected, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, thyroid volume was estimated, and the presence and size of thyroid nodules were recorded with high-resolution ultrasound. The ultrasound characteristics were analysed. Results: Among the nationally representative participants, nodules were detected in 44.9%, with 39.0% larger than 5 mm and 13.7% larger than 0.5 mL. Among women of reproductive age, nodules were detected in 22.5%, with 14.1% larger than 5 mm and only 2.0% greater than 0.5 mL. The prevalence and size of nodules increased significantly with age in all groups, being significantly lower in non-pregnant women than in pregnant women, who were also older. In non-pregnant women of reproductive age, the number of nodules increased significantly after the age of 25, with the number of nodules larger than 5 mm increasing only after the age of 40. Conclusions: Thyroid nodules are prevalent in the population, but are rarely clinically significant. Therefore, screening for thyroid nodules in asymptomatic individuals with normal thyroid findings on clinical examination should be avoided.
Ključne besede: pregnancy, reproductive period, thyroid nodule
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.04.2026; Ogledov: 346; Prenosov: 324
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3. A higher incidence of cardiovascular complications in hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease in comparison to hyperthyroid patients with subacute thyroiditisAna Šešek, Simona Gaberšček, Katja Zaletel, Edvard Pirnat, Katica Bajuk-Studen, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Hyperthyroidism, as well as systemic inflammation, are associated with a higher incidence and complications of cardiovascular disease. Both in Graves’ disease and subacute thyroiditis, patients are hyperthyroid. However, in Graves’ disease, there is an autoimmune process in the thyroid, and in subacute thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism is accompanied by systemic inflammation. It is not known if the rate of cardiovascular complications is higher in the course of Graves’ disease or subacute thyroiditis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all hyperthyroid patients newly diagnosed with Graves’ disease or subacute thyroiditis between January 1st 2018 and December 31st 2021 at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana. Cardiovascular complications in the period 3 months before or after diagnosis were registered. Values are expressed as mean (SD). Results: The sample analysis included 1028 patients (247 with subacute thyroiditis, 781 with Graves’ disease). The two groups did not significantly differ by sex, age, and body mass index. A cardiovascular complication was registered in 78 patients; the incidence was significantly higher in Graves’ disease than in subacute thyroiditis (74 vs. 4, p<0.001). Compared to patients with subacute thyroiditis, patients with Graves’ disease had significantly lower TSH: 0.010 (0.006) vs. 0.024 (0.044) mIU/L (p<0.001), higher free T4: 44.1 (26.6) vs. 37.0 (14.7) pmol/L (p<0.001), higher incidence of diabetes: 4.3 vs. 0.4% (p=0.001), arterial hypertension: 12.2 vs. 5.7% (p=0.004) and smoking: 26.7 vs. 8.7% (p<0.001). In a logistic regression model, a significantly higher likelihood for cardiovascular complications was found in Graves’ disease vs. subacute thyroiditis (odds ratio 5.82, p=0.001), in patients with arterial hypertension (odds ratio 2.83, p=0.002), and in those with higher body mass index (odds ratio 0.92, p=0.043). Conclusion: We report a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications in hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease in comparison to hyperthyroid patients with subacute thyroiditis. Patients with Graves’ disease were more severely hyperthyroid and had more adverse cardiovascular risk factors.
Ključne besede: hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, cardiovascular events, inflammation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.01.2026; Ogledov: 558; Prenosov: 350
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5. Posodobljena priporočila diagnostike in zdravljenja diferenciranega raka ščitniceNikola Bešić, Alenka Grošel, Andraž Perhavec, Andrej Doma, Andreja A. Schwarzbartl-Pevec, Andreja Klevišar Ivančič, Andrej Vogrin, Barbara Vidergar-Kralj, Barbara Gazić, Barbara Perić, Blaž Krhin, Cvetka Grašič-Kuhar, Edvard Pirnat, Ivana Žagar, Jerca Blazina, Katarina Zevnik, Katica Bajuk-Studen, Katja Zaletel, Margareta Strojan Fležar, Marko Hočevar, Marko Kokalj, Marta Dremelj, Nebojša Glumac, Olga Blatnik, Simona Gaberšček, Snežana Đokić, Ulrika Klopčič, Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik, Zorica Čekić, 2022, strokovni članek Ključne besede: rak ščitnice, diferencirani rak, zdravljenje, smernice
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.07.2022; Ogledov: 2728; Prenosov: 813
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6. Posodobljena priporočila diagnostike in zdravljenja diferenciranega raka ščitniceAlenka Grošel, Andraž Perhavec, Andrej Doma, Andreja A. Schwarzbartl-Pevec, Andreja Klevišar Ivančič, Andrej Vogrin, Barbara Vidergar-Kralj, Barbara Gazić, Barbara Perić, Blaž Krhin, Cvetka Grašič-Kuhar, Edvard Pirnat, Ivana Žagar, Jerca Blazina, Katica Bajuk-Studen, Katja Zaletel, Margareta Strojan Fležar, Marko Hočevar, Marko Kokalj, Marta Dremelj, Nebojša Glumac, Nikola Bešić, Olga Blatnik, Simona Gaberšček, Snežana Đokić, Ulrika Klopčič, Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik, Zorica Čekić, 2020, slovar, enciklopedija, leksikon, priročnik, atlas, zemljevid Ključne besede: rak ščitnice, diferencirani rak, zdravljenje, smernice
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.03.2021; Ogledov: 3061; Prenosov: 1035
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7. Smernice diagnostike in zdravljenja diferenciranega raka ščitniceNikola Bešić, Andreja A. Schwarzbartl-Pevec, Andreja Klevišar Ivančič, Barbara Vidergar-Kralj, Barbara Gazić, Blaž Krhin, Branko Zakotnik, Cvetka Grašič-Kuhar, Damijan Bergant, Edvard Pirnat, Helena Gutnik, Ivana Žagar, Jerca Blazina, Katja Zaletel, Margareta Strojan Fležar, Marko Hočevar, Marta Dremelj, Nebojša Glumac, Olga Blatnik, Simona Gaberšček, Snežana Đokić, Ulrika Klopčič, Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik, Živa Pohar-Marinšek, 2017, slovar, enciklopedija, leksikon, priročnik, atlas, zemljevid Ključne besede: rak ščitnice, diferencirani rak, zdravljenje, smernice
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.05.2020; Ogledov: 3968; Prenosov: 1238
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