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Ključne besede: perinatal stroke, functional brain networks, functional connectivity, resting state EEG, cognitive function
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 224; Prenosov: 231
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Povzetek: Background: Parkinson’s disease is associated with increased impulsivity, which can be divided into several domains: motor (consisting of proactive and reactive subdomains), reflection, and cognitive impulsivity. Evidence suggests that both dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation can affect impulsivity. Therefore, we set out to investigate the effects of dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on motor, reflection, and cognitive impulsivity in Parkinson’s disease patients. Methods: Twenty Parkinson’s disease patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation were tested ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and ON and OFF subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. They performed three different impulsivity tasks: the AX continuous performance task (AX-CPT) to test for motor impulsivity, the Beads task for reflection impulsivity, and the Delay discounting task for cognitive impulsivity. Results: The combination of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation and dopaminergic medication led to an increase in motor impulsivity (p = 0.036), both proactive (p = 0.045) and reactive (p = 0.006). There was no effect of either dopaminergic medication or subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on reflection and cognitive impulsivity. Conclusion: The combination of dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation leads to increased motor, but not cognitive or reflection, impulsivity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Both proactive and reactive motor impulsivity were impaired by the combination of dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
Ključne besede: deep brain stimulation, dopaminergic medication, motor impulsivity, cognitive impulsivity, reflection impulsivity, Parkinson’s disease
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.06.2026; Ogledov: 247; Prenosov: 159
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Povzetek: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined by the presence of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia. However, it also involves less well-understood cognitive deficits, including impairments in time processing: the ability to perceive, estimate, and produce time intervals accurately. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on time processing in PD, with an emphasis on the different tasks used to study it, as well as on the cognitive processes and neurophysiological mechanisms contributing to time processing deficits in PD. Findings: show that temporal processing deficits in PD span both motor and cognitive/perceptual domains. While dopamine replacement therapy can improve motor timing, its effects on cognitively controlled tasks—particularly those requiring attention and longer intervals—are limited. These deficits reflect dysfunction across basal ganglia, prefrontal, cerebellar, and other brain circuits, and may involve additional neurotransmitter systems such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and noradrenalin. The variety of experimental tasks used to study timing reveals the need for more precise assessments that clearly separate motor and cognitive components. Furthermore, different cognitive processes, such as explicit, implicit, sub-second, and supra-second timing as well as attention and working memory, are involved in time processing in PD. Temporal dysfunction in PD is multidimensional, resulting from a complex system of interacting neural processes. A more complete understanding of time processing in PD is needed, focusing on exploration of the non-dopaminergic aspects of time processing, and improving the design of timing tasks to better identify specific deficits and treatment targets.
Ključne besede: Parkinson’s disease, time processing, dopamine basal ganglia, cognitive impairment, bradyphrenia, working memory, bradykinesia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.05.2026; Ogledov: 312; Prenosov: 336
Celotno besedilo (5,18 MB)
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Ključne besede: machine learning, eye-tracking, smooth pursuit, non-invasive biomarker, cognitive impairment, early detection of cognitive decline, detection of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.04.2026; Ogledov: 281; Prenosov: 217
Celotno besedilo (1,48 MB)
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Povzetek: Background: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurobehavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood, subsides during puberty, and may reappear in adolescence. Treatment is primarily conservative, involving psychological and pharmacological therapy. Patients who do not respond to conservative therapy may be treated with deep brain stimulation, although this remains an experimental treatment. Methods: In this two-case report we present the first two cases of patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in Slovenia treated with deep brain stimulation of the anteromedial globus pallidus internus. Results: Over an 18-month follow-up period, we observed an improvement in both cases. In the first case, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score decreased from 71 (17 for motor tics, 14 for phonic tics, and 40 on the impairment scale) to 44 points (12 motor, 12 phonic, and 20 impairment). In the second case, the score decreased from 72 (16 motor, 16 phonic, and 40 impairment) to 38 points (8 motor, 10 phonic, and 20 impairment). Conclusions: Deep brain stimulation could be a promising treatment for this disorder. However, further research is needed to determine the most suitable patients and targets.
Ključne besede: deep brain stimulation, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, anteromedial globus pallidus internus
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.01.2026; Ogledov: 515; Prenosov: 344
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