1. Navigating Innovation : a comparative analysis of national intellectual property ecosystems in Croatia and SloveniaAna Hafner, Marijana Ribičić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study provides a comparative analysis of the national intellectual property ecosystems in Croatia and Slovenia. In contrast to national innovation systems, national intellectual property ecosystems are rarely studied. The starting point for the research was the institutions within the national innovation system. The authors examined which institutions – such as research and business agencies, technology transfer offices, incubators, intellectual property offices, and inventors’ associations – provide intellectual property-related services. In addition, they analysed industrial property data (patents, industrial designs, trademarks) and innovation indexes. Findings indicate that while Slovenia has outperformed Croatia in several industrial property and innovation indicators, a decline over the last ten years in some key areas, such as national patent applications and innovation indexes, may suggest emerging vulnerabilities. Croatia, on the other hand, is showing signs of strengthening its intellectual property ecosystem and engagement with digital tools, which may position it more favourably in the future. By identifying gaps and challenges within each ecosystem, this study highlights opportunities for mutual learning, where Croatia and Slovenia can adopt best practices from one another to enhance their intellectual property strategies.
Ključne besede: intellectual property, national innovation systems, support institutions, industrial property, technology transfer, innovation indexes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.08.2026; Ogledov: 24; Prenosov: 13
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2. From learning to enjoyment : virtual reality walking experiences for older adults in long-term careAna Hafner, Krištof Debeljak, Nika Brili, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background and objectives
Virtual reality (VR) technologies are increasingly being explored in long-term care (LTC) settings as tools to promote engagement and well-being among older adults, including those with cognitive impairments. However, the usability and accessibility of such technologies remain some critical concerns. This study aimed to examine how older adults in Slovenia adapted to using VR equipment for virtual walking experiences, focusing on their ability to operate the technology and their subjective evaluation of the experience.
Method
The study involved 31 older adults from two LTC homes in Slovenia who participated in virtual walking sessions using Google Street View, accessed through VR glasses and controlled via a joystick. Researchers observed participants' ability to use the equipment, assessed their cognitive and general health, and collected feedback on their experience via a structured questionnaire.
Results
Unlike prior studies that focus on VR exposure, our study quantifies learning time and links it to cognitive profiles, proposing a framework for adaptive VR interventions. The results showed that cognitive abilities significantly influenced how quickly participants could navigate the virtual environment, with those possessing higher cognitive abilities adapting more quickly. Although some participants found the navigation challenging, particularly those with dementia, this did not affect their overall enjoyment. Nearly all participants (97%) rated the experience as pleasant, and 74% expressed a desire to repeat it.
Discussion and implications
The study highlights the strong potential of VR to enhance residents' well-being in LTC homes. However, to ensure accessibility and maximise benefits, varying levels of support and customised technological solutions should be provided based on each resident's health status and cognitive abilities.
Ključne besede: older adults, virtual reality, VR glasses, Google Maps, cognitive abilities, virtual walk, dementia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.08.2026; Ogledov: 23; Prenosov: 24
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4. Academic entrepreneurs in Slovenia : entrepreneurial competences, intellectual property, and academic cultureAna Hafner, Janez Kolar, Urša Lamut, Karin Dobravc Škof, 2025, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Ključne besede: academic entrepreneurs, spin-outs, academic entrepreneurship, intellectual property, patents, entrepreneurial competences
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.02.2026; Ogledov: 461; Prenosov: 354
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5. Can artificial intelligence invent in Slovenia?Ana Hafner, 2025, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: The rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years has sparked global debate on whether non-human systems can be recognised as inventors under patent law. This paper examines the Slovenian legal framework to determine if AIgenerated inventions can be protected within the existing system of intellectual property rights. It analyses the Slovenian Industrial Property Act and the Copyright Act, and further European Union patent legislation - European Patent Convention. Findings of this paper show that artificial intelligence can invent but cannot act as an inventor, although the Slovenian Industrial Property Act does not explicitly define an inventor as a natural person and may therefore leave the door open for non-human entities. This study contributes to broader debates on how small jurisdictions such as Slovenia face the challenges posed by artificial intelligence-driven innovation.
Ključne besede: artificial intelligence, intellectual property, industrial property, patents, inventors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.02.2026; Ogledov: 498; Prenosov: 377
Celotno besedilo (12,76 MB)
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