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1.
Importance of habitat context in modelling risk maps for two established invasive alien plant species : the case of Ailanthus altissima and Phytolacca americana in Slovenia (Europe)
Maarten De Groot, Erika Kozamernik, Janez Kermavnar, Marija Kolšek, Aleksander Marinšek, Andreja Nève Repe, Lado Kutnar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Forests are important ecosystems that face threats from climate change and global environmental shifts, with invasive alien plant species being a significant concern. Some of these invasive species have already become established, while others are in the process of naturalisation. Although forests are a relatively stable ecosystem, extreme weather events increase their vulnerability to change, and clearings left after natural disturbances are particularly susceptible to invasion by alien plant species (IAPS). We created risk maps of two species that have spread rapidly in the last decade: American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) and the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). We prepared a generalised linear model based on the occurrence data collected within the LIFE ARTEMIS project. Eleven environmental variables were used to determine habitat characteristics. We constructed two models for each species: one covering the entirety of Slovenia and the other specifically for the forested areas in Slovenia, with the latter incorporating forest-specific variables (such as forest sanitation felling and monocultures). We observed the presence of both species at lower altitudes and in close proximity to water sources. American pokeweed tends to occur nearer to railways, while the presence of the tree of heaven is associated with areas lacking carbonate parent material and influenced by land use patterns. In forested areas, the occurrence of American pokeweed is influenced by forest habitat characteristics, such as disturbances caused by extreme weather events or the prevalence of Norway spruce monocultures. In contrast, the occurrence of the tree of heaven is influenced by more general environmental variables, such as altitude and proximity to railways. Consequently, we have generated risk maps for the entirety of Slovenia and separately for forested areas, both of which indicate similar levels of risk, particularly for the tree of heaven. The risk map for American pokeweed highlights numerous vulnerable areas, especially forest edges, which are highly susceptible to invasion. Furthermore, there is a higher likelihood of this species occurring in areas that have undergone sanitation felling. This study suggests that the production of risk maps of IAPS could be improved by focussing on habitat types and taking into account habitat-specific variables. This approach could enhance the early detection and management of these invasive species.
Ključne besede: American pokeweed, tree of heaven, species distribution modelling, forests, forest disturbance, habitat suitability
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.03.2024; Ogledov: 32; Prenosov: 12
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,72 MB)
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2.
Interdisciplinarna poletna šola treh COST akcij o gozdnih ekosistemih
Erika Kozamernik, Gal Kušar, 2023, poljudni članek

Ključne besede: gozdarstvo, izobraževanje, poletna šola, gozdni ekosistemi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.11.2023; Ogledov: 267; Prenosov: 69
.pdf Celotno besedilo (215,85 KB)

3.
Strižna trdnost spojev z ribjim klejem lepljenega lesa ovrednotena z metodo ABES
Matic Sitar, Andreja Pondelak, Samo Grbec, Milan Šernek, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: V prispevku smo s pomočjo sistema za avtomatizirano vrednotenje zlepljenosti (ABES) ugotavljali razvoj strižne trdnosti ribjega kleja pri lepljenju lesa. Uporabili smo bukov (Fagus sylvatica L.) furnir, ki smo ga lepili pri konstantnem tlaku 12 barov, medtem ko smo spreminjali temperaturo in čas stiskanja. Temperatura je znašala med25 °C in 100 °C, z intervalom 25 °C, čas stiskanja pa od 1 minute do 60 minut. Dosežena maksimalna strižna trdnost je znašala okoli 10 N/mm², dosegli smo jo pri vseh štirih proučevanih temperaturah stiskanja. Na podlagi rezultatov študije smo ugotovili, da strižna trdnost ribjega kleja pri različnih temperaturah segrevanja neenakomerno narašča. Pri višjih temperaturah segrevanja hitreje dosežemo maksimalne strižne trdnosti. Strižne trdnosti spoja lepila iz ribjega kleja smo ugotavljali tudi po standardih EN 204 in EN 205.
Ključne besede: wood
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.11.2023; Ogledov: 242; Prenosov: 136
.pdf Celotno besedilo (2,41 MB)
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4.
The effects of large-scale forest disturbances on hydrology : an overview with special emphasis on karst aquifer systems
Urša Vilhar, Janez Kermavnar, Erika Kozamernik, Metka Petrič, Nataša Ravbar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Large-scale forest disturbances (LSFD) are an essential component of forest ecosystem dynamics. The effects of rapid loss of forest cover and other changes in forest ecosystems are inextricably linked to hydrologic processes such as evapotranspiration, soil and recharge processes. Among all hydrogeological systems, karst aquifers are important because of their exceptionally rich and unique biodiversity, biomass, and groundwater resources. At the same time, they are characterized by specific hydrological processes that make them highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Therefore, this study paid special attention to the effects of LSFD on karst hydrology. Using the PRISMA checklist, a thorough literature review of studies published between 2001 and 2020 was compiled into a comprehensive matrix dataset. In addition, an initial assessment of the global and regional distribution of forests on carbonate rocks was made based on publicly available geodatabases of forests and karst aquifers. The compiled information provides the first global overview of hydrological processes affected by LSFD, and identifies important knowledge gaps and future research challenges. The matrix dataset contained 117 full-text articles with a total of 160 case studies. Most publications were from 2011 to 2017, with more than half of the studies at the plot level and more than one-third at the catchment level. Studies on the effects of fires and pest and diseases infestations predominated. However, no articles were found on the effects of ice storms on hydrology in general or on the effects of pest and disease infestations on hydrology in karst areas. Of the 45.6 M km2 of forested land worldwide, 6.3 M km2 or 13.9% of all forests are underlain by carbonate rocks. Carbonate rocks cover about 15% of the land surface, which means that 31.3% of the world's karst aquifers are covered by forest. 29% of all case studies were conducted in karst areas, which is a high proportion compared to the proportion of forests in karst areas. However, these studies are unevenly distributed geographically. Most studies were conducted at the plot level, and only 21% of studies focused on natural LSFD, so forest management and land use change studies predominated. Although studies on the effects of LSFD on evapotranspiration processes between vegetation, air and soil are fairly well represented, infiltration and recharge processes in karst areas remain poorly understood and knowledge is lacking, particularly on groundwater flow and related hydrological processes. Regional studies and impacts on groundwater resources are also insufficient. The results indicate an urgent need for an integrated holistic interdisciplinary approach and a comprehensive understanding of the individual influencing factors, which would allow more accurate modelling of hydrological processes in forested karst aquifers.
Ključne besede: natural disasters, climatic changes, evapotranspiration, hydrology, karst aquifers
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.05.2023; Ogledov: 317; Prenosov: 186
.pdf Celotno besedilo (16,50 MB)
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5.
Assessing the heterogeneity and conservation status of the Natura 2000 priority forest habitat type Tilio–Acerion (9180*) based on field mapping
Janez Kermavnar, Erika Kozamernik, Lado Kutnar, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Priority habitat types (HTs) within the Natura 2000 network are of the highest importance for conservation in Europe. However, they often occur in smaller areas and their conservation status is not well understood. One such HT is that of the Tilio–Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines (9180*). The Natura 2000 study site, Boč–Haloze–Donačka gora, in the Sub-Pannonian region of eastern Slovenia is characterized by a matrix of European beech forests and includes rather small, fragmented areas covered by Tilio–Acerion forests. The goal of this research was to examine the heterogeneity and conservation status of the selected HT through field mapping, which was performed in the summer of 2020. As the conservation of HT calls for a more detailed approach, we distinguished between the following four pre-defined habitat subtypes: (i) Acer pseudoplatanus-Ulmus glabra stands growing mostly in concave terrain, (ii) Fraxinus excelsior stands growing on slopes, (iii) Tilia sp. stands with thermophilous broadleaves occurring on ridges and slopes, (iv) Acer pseudoplatanus stands occurring on more acidic soils with an admixture of Castanea sativa. Field mapping information was complemented with the assessment of habitat subtype characteristics using remote sensing data. The results showed that habitat subtypes differed significantly in terms of area, tree species composition, forest stand characteristics, relief features and the various threats they experienced (e.g., fragmentation, tree mortality, ungulate browsing pressure). The differences between subtypes were also evident for LiDAR-derived environmental factors related to topography (i.e., terrain steepness and Topographic Position Index). This study provides a baseline for setting more realistic objectives for the conservation management of priority forest HTs. Due to the specificities of each individual habitat subtype, conservation activities should be targeted to the Natura 2000 habitat subtype level.
Ključne besede: forest habitat subtype, monitoring, biodiversity conservation, LiDAR, Slovenia, NATURA 2000
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.02.2023; Ogledov: 936; Prenosov: 241
.pdf Celotno besedilo (9,53 MB)
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6.
Programske smernice DORA
Mateja Kurir-Borovčić, Amela Duratović Konjević, Katja Jarm, Katarina Nagode, Maksimiljan Kadivec, Zvonka Kastelic, Veronika Kutnar, Andraž Perhavec, Barbara Skubic-Vengušt, Stanka Sabo, Špela Sitar, Stančka Suljić, Cveto Šval, Anastazija Šelih, Vesna Škrbec, Miloš Vrhovec, Sonja Tomšič, Katarina Torkar, Urban Zdešar, Kristijana Hertl, 2022, strokovna monografija

Povzetek: Državni presejalni program za raka dojk DORA (v nadaljevanju: program DORA) vabi ženske med 50. in 69. letom vsaki dve leti na presejanje z mamografijo, katerega cilj je zmanjšati umrljivost za rakom dojk v ciljni populaciji za 25 do 30 odstotkov. Nosilec programa DORA je Onkološki inštitut Ljubljana. Presejalno mamografijo opravlja 16 javnih zdravstvenih zavodov po Sloveniji na 20 digitalnih mamografih s kadri, ki so za svoje delo posebej usposobljeni. Dodatno diagnostiko in zdravljenje raka dojk, odkritega v presejanju, izvajata presejalno-diagnostična centra na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana in v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Maribor. Te programske smernice opredeljujejo presejalno politiko programa DORA, postopek obravnave žensk, organizacijo in dejavnosti programa DORA. Delijo se na upravljalske, zdravstvene in druge storitve. Sestavni del teh programskih smernic je tudi določitev strokovnega nadzora, ki se opravlja v presejalnem programu, ter podrobnejši Standardni operativni postopki (SOP) delovanja programa DORA. Sestavni del tega dokumenta so tudi Protokoli in priloge.
Ključne besede: rak dojke, programske smernice, presejalni programi, svetovanje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.12.2022; Ogledov: 558; Prenosov: 237
.pdf Celotno besedilo (328,03 KB)
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Ocena stanja ohranjenosti habitatnega tipa 91E0* Obrečna vrbovja, jelševja in jesenovja v območju Natura 2000 Ličenca pri Poljčanah
Ajša Alagić, Lado Kutnar, Erika Kozamernik, Valerija Babij, Aleksander Marinšek, Janez Kermavnar, Anica Simčič, Ruben Šprah, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Stanje ohranjenosti sestojev habitatnega tipa 91E0* Obrečna vrbovja, jelševja in jesenovja (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) je v Sloveniji precej zaskrbljujoče. V Sloveniji je bilo njegovo stanje ocenjeno kot slabo, trend pa negativen, kar pomeni dodatno možnost poslabšanja. Omenjeni gozdni habitatni tip sodi med prioritetne ali prednostne habitatne tipe, za katere je predvidena posebna skrb Evropske skupnosti. Zaradi njegove majhnosti in fragmentiranosti je pogosto spregledan in tudi neustrezno obravnavan. Z namenom, da bi izboljšali njegovo prepoznavnost in spoznali njegove značilnosti na terenu, smo mu v okviru LIFE integriranega projekta za okrepljeno upravljanje Nature 2000 v Sloveniji namenili posebno pozornost. V raziskavi smo z uporabo metode terenskega kartiranja podrobneje proučili stanje sestojev habitatnega tipa 91E0* v območju Natura 2000 Ličenca pri Poljčanah. Na tak način smo ugotovili, kakšna je površina sestojev tega habitatnega tipa in jo primerjali z obstoječimi conami habitatnega tipa 91E0*. Ugotavljali smo pojavljanje ključnih drevesnih vrst oz. drevesno sestavo sestojev, njihovo pomlajevanje ter vrste pritiskov in groženj za habitatni tip 91E0* na tem območju. Izmed različnih znanih podtipov habitatnega tipa 91E0* smo na tem območju našli predvsem podtip nižinsko črnojelševje, pa tudi fragmente podtipa vrbovja s topolom. Ponekod so se tudi v gozdu pojavljali manjši sestoji vrb in ozkolistnega jesena. Ugotovili smo, da površine sestojev habitatnega tipa 91E0* na območju Natura 2000 Ličenca pri Poljčanah dejansko zavzemajo le približno četrtino površine obstoječih con habitatnega tipa. Analiza drevesne sestave sestojev je pokazala predvsem vraščanje smreke v sestojih črnojelševja, le-ta naravno ni prisotna v tem habitatnem tipu. Ugotovili smo, da je na proučevanem območju pomlajevanje črne jelše zelo okrnjeno. Na slabšanje stanja sestojev črnojelševja še dodatno vplivajo različni pritiski in grožnje, kot so bližina kmetijskih površin, odpadki, fragmentacija sestojev črnojelševja, širjenje invazivnih tujerodnih rastlin, vodne regulacije, bližina prometnic, izsuševanje rastišč idr. Stanje ohranjenosti sestojev tega habitatnega tipa je bilo posledično v večini primerov ocenjeno kot neugodno do slabo. Z namenom, da bi se stanje obrečnih gozdov na območju Ličence pri Poljčanah izboljšalo, smo v prispevku predlagali nekaj konkretnih ohranitvenih ukrepov
Ključne besede: habitatni tip, črnojelševje, obrečni gozdovi, terensko kartiranje, stanje ohranjenosti, Alnus glutinosa, Natura 2000
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.04.2021; Ogledov: 1549; Prenosov: 537
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,25 MB)

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