1. Comparative analysis of machine translation for Hindi-Dogri text using rule-based, statistical, and neural approachesJoginder Kumar, Manik Rakhra, Preeti Dubey, Deepak Prashar, Leo Mršić, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Seifedine Kadry, Jungeun Kim, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Machine translation has made significant progress in several Indian languages; however, some, known as computationally low-resourced languages, have seen very little work in this field. The Dogri language, which is listed in the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is one such language. The authors have developed a machine translation system for the Hindi-Dogri language pair in the fixed news domain using three approaches: rule-based machine translation (developed using linguistic rules), statistical machine translation (built using the Moses toolkit), and neural machine translation (developed using neural networks). A comparison of all three approaches is presented in this article. The article also discusses various research challenges identified in each approach used for machine translation. A corpus of approximately 0.1 million sentences in the news domain was used to train the corpus-based statistical machine translation (SMT) and neural machine translation (NMT) models. The authors also addressed whether NMT produces results equivalent to or better than those of SMT and rule-based machine translation (RBMT). To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, the outputs of all systems were evaluated using two approaches: manual evaluation by language experts and automatic evaluation using standard metrics—Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), TER (Translation Edit Rate), METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering), and WER (Word Error Rate). Although RBMT achieved the highest overall scores in both automatic and manual evaluations, expert analysis revealed that translations produced by NMT and SMT exhibited less ambiguity. The study concludes that the performance of SMT and NMT systems are likely to improve further with the availability of larger bilingual parallel corpora.
Keywords: Machine translation, Hindi-Dogri language pair, Low-resourced languages, Neural machine translation (NMT), Statistical machine translation (SMT), Rule-based machine translation (RBMT), test mining, algorithms, artificial intelligence, natural language and speech
Published in DiRROS: 01.09.2026; Views: 179; Downloads: 92
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2. Translating the fieldBorut Telban, Ute Eickelkamp, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: Ethnographers observe and engage the field. Theylive with, play with, eat with, dance with, feel with,and, increasingly, write or film with their interlocu-tors. But most of all, they listen and converse. As theyenter the lingual ecology of their hosts through a rangeof practices of communication, ethnographers begin amulti-faceted journey of translation—as do their inter-locutors. Translation—of words, tone of voice, gestures,facial expressions, musical sounds, images, and a wholearray of signifiers—is always an act of interpretation,of translating worlds. Thus, how do we know if, for in-stance, the Tok Pisin bodi corresponds to the modernEnglish body? Furthermore, ethnographers and hostsocieties not only translate one word as entity into an-other and into academic technologies of representation(scholarly writing), they also inevitably translate andtransfix concepts, meanings, and classifications. Thus,language is grounded in cultural practices, ontologies,and epistemologies, which, in turn, are politically andlife-historically situated. As ethnographers, we dependon our interlocutors' gift of translating their world andknowledge to us, while we respond on the grounds ofour own lingual-epistemic-biographical situatedness.Our discussion of translation as a method of inquiry, un-derstanding, and knowledge exchange is based on theview that translation is an inevitable and fundamental relational practice. As such it deals with multiple epis-temological realms in which anthropologists find them-selves before, during, and after fieldwork. We hereunpack the significance of the language/s used in ourfieldwork in Germany, central Australia, and the EastSepik region in Papua New Guinea, demonstratingthrough concrete examples the work of ʻturning overʼwords and worlds.
Keywords: epistemology, fieldwork methods, indigenous concepts, semiosphere, translation
Published in DiRROS: 13.08.2026; Views: 183; Downloads: 222
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3. Boris Pahor’s Prose in Italian and French : The Case of the Villa by the LakeAdriana Mezeg, Anna Maria Grego, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: This article discusses Boris Pahor’s novel Vila ob jezeru in Italian and indirect French translation. After an introduction to Pahor’s language and style and an overview of his works translated into Italian and French, we highlight the main differences between the two Slovenian editions of Vila ob jezeru (1955 and 1993) and the three Italian versions (2002, 2004 and 2012). The analysis focuses on the translation of proper nouns, footnotes and stylistically marked vocabulary, and reveals some significant deviations from the source text in both target languages, although not always in the same places, showing that the Italian manuscript submitted to the French translator must have been significantly modified later by the Italian publisher.
Keywords: translation, proper nouns, footnotes, dialect, colloquial expressions, Italian, French
Published in DiRROS: 23.07.2026; Views: 212; Downloads: 162
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4. Multilingual Landscapes through the Lens of Translation : the Interplay of Official Bilingualism and Tourism in Two Conservation Areas in SloveniaTamara Mikolič Južnič, Agnes Pisanski Peterlin, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The ubiquitous presence of cross-cultural contact and multilingualism in the globalised world is reflected in a wide range of linguistic landscapes, and linguistic barriers are typically bridged using translation, resulting in multilingual signage. The paper explores the role of translation and the interplay of monolingualism, bilingualism and multilingualism in Slovenia, in the linguistic landscape of two conservation areas, one located in an officially bilingual area and the other located in the non-bilingual settings of the capital city. Analysing signage from the perspective of language use and translation, variation in approaches to bridging cross-cultural gaps is investigated.
Keywords: cross-cultural contact, bilingualism, multilingualism, signage, linguistic landscape, translation studies
Published in DiRROS: 08.07.2026; Views: 226; Downloads: 185
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5. Representation of the Middle East in the Slovenian Translations of Karl May’s OrientzyklusJanko Trupej, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The present article addresses how the Middle East was portrayed in two Slovenian translations of Karl May’s Orientzyklus. This series of novels was translated during the interwar period, when the Slovenian ethnic territory was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the re-translations were published during Slovenia’s socialist era. By means of a textual comparison, the extent of the ideological interventions that occurred in the portrayal of the Middle East in the translations is established. Furthermore, the article discusses how the different contemporary socio-political circumstances in Slovenia may have influenced how the region in question was represented.
Keywords: German literature, translation, ideology, xenophobia, Middle East
Published in DiRROS: 08.07.2026; Views: 190; Downloads: 175
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6. The Portrayal of the Balkans in the Slovenian Translations of Karl May’s OrientzyklusJanko Trupej, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This article discusses the depiction of the Balkans in two Slovenian translations of Karl May’s Orientzyklus. This hexalogy was translated for the first time at a time when most of the Slovenian ethnic territory was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and it was later retranslated when Slovenia was a republic in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A textual comparison of the originals and translations shows that in the first translations, numerous interventions were made to portray the Balkans in a more negative manner than in the originals, whereas in the retranslations, May’s frequently negative depiction of the region was somewhat mitigated.
Keywords: Karl May, Orientzyklus, Balkans, literary translation, Orientalism, German literature
Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2026; Views: 228; Downloads: 166
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7. Tassa di soggiorno or Tassa turistica? : Terminological Challenges in Italian Translations in the Bilingual Municipalities of Slovenian IstriaNives Lenassi, Mojca Kompara Lukančič, Sandro Paolucci, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This article addresses bilingualism in Slovenian Istria, where both Slovenian and Italian are official languages, and it examines translations of administrative texts from the websites of four bilingual municipalities: Ankaran, Koper, Izola, and Piran. The study briefly reviews prior analyses whose findings served as the foundation for this research, and it outlines characteristic and widely used full-form lexical units as well as acronyms and abbreviations in normative and informative bilingual texts. It then discusses problems in terminological uniformity, proposing appropriate translation strategies to provide coherent use of terminology as well as clearer texts.
Keywords: Italian, translation strategies, terminological uniformity, acronym, abbreviation, corpora
Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2026; Views: 233; Downloads: 169
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8. Trends in the Translation of Slovenian Literature in the European Union : A Comparative Analysis of Published Works in 16 Languages (1991–2024)Adriana Mezeg, Julija Rozman, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This study examines the circulation of Slovenian literature in the European Union from Slovenia’s independence in 1991 through its accession to the EU in 2004 to 2024. By analysing COBIB bibliographic data and interviews with experts on the literary book market, we compare the translation of Slovenian literature into 16 EU languages, divided into four European regions. Our results show that the number and variety of translations increased significantly after EU accession compared to the 1990s, especially into German, followed by Italian, Spanish and French. In addition, an increase and diversification of translations into most of the 12 other, mainly peripheral languages can be observed.
Keywords: Slovenian literature, translation, translation flows, European Union, European Union Prize for Literature, central languages, (semi-)peripheral languages
Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2026; Views: 221; Downloads: 150
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9. Unlocking Borders : Albanian Literature in TranslationMimoza Hasani Pllana, 2025, professional article Abstract: The article analyzes the development and challenges of Albanian literary translation within the Balkan and European contexts, emphasizing the interplay between translation practices, cultural identity, and social influences. Historically, Albanian literature faced significant barriers to international dissemination due to political isolation under the communist regime in Albania and the restrictive environment in Kosovo during the Yugoslav rule. These conditions hindered the growth of translation efforts, resulting in limited exposure of Albanian literary works to foreign audiences. The post-1990 period, following the fall of communism in Albania and the end of the Kosovo War in 1999, marked a revival of literary translation spurred on by the opening of borders, increased cultural exchange, and renewed interest in Albanian literature. Despite these advances, the field continues to face challenges, such as the shortage of translators and the linguistic complexity inherent in translating Albanian. The study employs a comparative analysis of translation practices, integrating qualitative interviews with translators of Albanian literature and examining case studies, in order to investigate how translation navigates the intersections of language, identity, and power in disseminating Albanian literature.
Keywords: Albanian literature, literary translation, language and identity, translation challenges
Published in DiRROS: 11.09.2025; Views: 906; Downloads: 334
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10. Oxylipin profiling for clinical research : current status and future perspectivesKarol Parchem, Sophia Letsiou, Toni Petan, Cécile Gladine, 2025, review article Abstract: Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators with increasing interest in clinical research. They are usually measured in systemic circulation and can provide a wealth of information regarding key biological processes such as inflammation, vascular tone, or blood coagulation. Although procedures still require harmonization to generate comparable oxylipin datasets, performing comprehensive profiling of circulating oxylipins in large studies is feasible and no longer restricted by technical barriers. However, it is essential to improve and facilitate the biological interpretation of complex oxylipin profiles to truly leverage their potential in clinical research. This requires regular updating of our knowledge about the metabolism and the mode of action of oxylipins, and consideration of all factors that may influence circulating oxylipin profiles independently of the studied disease or condition. This review aims to provide the readers with updated and necessary information regarding oxylipin metabolism, their different forms in systemic circulation, the current limitations in deducing oxylipin cellular effects from in vitro bioactivity studies, the biological and technical confounding factors needed to consider for a proper interpretation of oxylipin profiles.
Keywords: oxylipins, lipid mediators, epilipids, lipidomics, eicosanoids, clinical translation
Published in DiRROS: 29.05.2025; Views: 848; Downloads: 600
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