Search the repository

A+ | A- | | SLO | ENG

Abstract: Digital twins (DTs) are increasingly adopted in the energy sector, yet existing conceptual frameworks and maturity models remain largely generic, limiting their usefulness for power grid applications with stringent requirements for resilience, security, and lifecycle integration. This paper proposes an upgraded taxonomy of DTs tailored to power grid systems, extending earlier generic frameworks and aligning them with the ISO/IEC30186:2025 maturity model. The taxonomy introduces domain-specific dimensions, including cyber-physical security integration, intelligence level, and multi-layered data architectures, while ensuring compatibility with internationally standardized maturity aspects. A comprehensive literature analysis and co-occurrence study underpin the revisions, ensuring both methodological rigor and relevance to current research and practice. The taxonomy’s analytical and practical value is demonstrated through its application to three real-world DT use cases: KOEN (generation-focused), Elvia (distribution-focused), and Bentley OpenUtilities (lifecycle-integrated). Comparative benchmarking across these cases highlights both commonalities and context-dependent maturity profiles, confirming that DT maturity is not absolute but shaped by organizational objectives, technical architectures, and sectoral priorities. The taxonomy also enables scenario-based reasoning and role-specific insights, supporting cybersecurity analysis, operational decision-making, and business risk evaluation. By combining academic rigor, sector-specific focus, and alignment with international standards, the proposed taxonomy offers a replicable framework for assessing and improving DT maturity in power grids. An interactive tool, openly available on GitHub, further supports its practical application by enabling benchmarking, visualization, and recommendations. In this way, the work contributes both to scholarly discourse on DT conceptualization and to the practical adoption of maturity frameworks by utilities, regulators, and technology providers.
Keywords: taxonomy, power grids, digital twin, co-occurrence analysis
Published in DiRROS: 02.12.2025; Views: 40; Downloads: 23
Full text (6,27 MB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: In April 2024, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was expanded by 1 new order, 1 new family, 6 new subfamilies, 34 new genera and 270 new species. One class, two orders and six species were renamed. Seven families and 12 genera were moved; ten species were renamed and moved; and nine species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as currently accepted by the ICTV, providing an essential annual update on the classification of members of this phylum that deepen understandings of their evolution, and supports critical public health measures for virus identification and tracking.
Keywords: Aliusviridae, Arenaviridae, articulaviral, Articulavirales, Artoviridae, Aspiviridae, Bornaviridae, bunyaviral, Bunyavirales, Bunyaviricetes, bunyavirus, Crepuscuviridae, Discoviridae, Elliovirales, Filoviridae, Fimoviridae, Goujianvirales, Hantaviridae, Hareavirales, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), jingchuviral, Jingchuvirales, Konkoviridae, Lispiviridae, megaclassification, megataxonomy, mononegaviral, Mononegavirales, muviral, Muvirales, Mymonaviridae, Myriaviridae, naedreviral, Naedrevirales, Nairoviridae, Natareviridae, negarnaviricot, Negarnaviricota, Nyamiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthornavirae, Paramyxoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Riboviria, Sunviridae, Tenuivirus, Tosoviridae, Tospoviridae, Tulasviridae, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy, virology
Published in DiRROS: 24.06.2025; Views: 481; Downloads: 361
Full text (4,16 MB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: Polyploidy is an important evolutionary mechanism in flowering plants that can strongly affect their morphological and distributional traits. In this study, we investigated the differences in these traits among di-, tri-, and tetraploid populations of sweet spurge (Euphorbia dulcis), a common understory species in deciduous and mixed forests across Europe. We inferred the ploidy of 188 populations of E. dulcis by estimating relative genome size and chromosome counting. The data indicate that tri- and tetraploids are more widespread compared to the ancestral diploid populations, which are restricted to Liguria (north-western Italy) and adjacent regions. We suggest that polyploidisation was crucial for range expansion and the colonisation of higher latitudes, but not for the colonisation of higher elevations, where diploids appear to be more successful. Similarly, morphological differentiation after polyploidisation is only partly consistent with the classical hypothesis that polyploids are larger and have larger organs. Using nuclear ITS and plastid ndhF–trnL sequences, we inferred the spatio-temporal diversification of E. dulcis. It diverged from its diploid sister species E. duvalii, an endemic of southwestern France and adjacent Spain, in the mid-Pliocene. This divergence was likely due to vicariant speciation accompanied by adaptation to forest and grassland environments in E. dulcis and E. duvallii, respectively. Whereas the diploid populations of both taxa have restricted ranges today, polyploidisation within E. dulcis likely triggered by the Pleistocene climatic oscillations contributed to its significant range expansion and diversification. The species exhibits the highest genetic diversity in the south-western Alps, where all three ploidies co-occur. Based on the ploidy differentiation and the less pronounced genetic and morphological differentiation, we propose treating di- and triploids as well as two geographically and genetically divergent groups of tetraploids (eastern and western) as four subspecies. This challenges various taxonomic treatments previously proposed for this species. Our study highlights the importance of polyploidisation for diversification and range expansion, and indicates the necessity of further research to test hypotheses related to the morphological and distributional characteristics of polyploid organisms.
Keywords: forest understory species, morphometry, phylogeography, polyploidisation, taxonomy
Published in DiRROS: 18.04.2025; Views: 491; Downloads: 279
Full text (6,03 MB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: A checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies occurring in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka is presented. In total 588 (including 559 full species) taxa are known to occur in the region of which 251 taxa (species & subspecies) are single country endemics. Recent taxonomic changes relevant to the area are summarized. Sixteen taxa are synonymized and a checklist of all synonyms established since 1950 is provided. Information is given on available larval descriptions including a list of genera present in the region for which no larvae have yet been described. Numerous species occurring in the area are still poorly known and a list of genera for which a revision is urgently needed is provided. The following new synonyms are established: Calicnemia sudhaae Mitra, 1994 = Calicnemia imitans Lieftinck, 1948 syn. nov.; Ceriagrion fallax cerinomelas Lieftinck, 1927 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Ceriagrion fallax pendleburyi Laidlaw, 1931 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Coenagrion kashmirus Chowdhary & Das, 1975 = Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907 syn. nov.; Enallagma insula Fraser, 1920 = Aciagrion occidentale Laidlaw, 1919 syn. nov.; Himalagrion pithoragarhicum Sahni, 1964 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Ischnura bhimtalensis Sahni, 1965 = Ischnura rubilio Selys, 1876 syn. nov.; Onychargia indica Sahni, 1964 = Paracercion calamorum (Ris, 1916) syn. nov.; Anaciaeschna kashmirense Singh & Baijal, 1954 = Anaciaeschna martini (Selys, 1897) syn. nov.; Cyclogomphus vesiculosus Selys, 1854 = Cyclogomphus ypsilon Selys, 1954 syn. nov.; Chlorogomphus brittoi Navás, 1934 = Chlorogomphus xanthoptera (Fraser, 1919) syn. nov.; Hylaeothemis indica Fraser, 1946 = Hylaeothemis apicalis Fraser, 1924 syn. nov.; Sympetrum durum Bartenef, 1916 = Sympetrum striolatum commixtum Selys, 1884 syn. nov.; Sympetrum himalayanum Navás, 1934 = Sympetrum hypomelas (Selys, 1884) syn. nov.; Sympetrum haematoneura Fraser, 1924 = Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 syn. nov.; Sympetrum speciosum taiwanum Asahina, 1951 = Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 syn. nov. In addition, Periaeschna lebasi Navás, 1930 is regarded a nomen nudum. The following new combinations are proposed: Onychogomphus acinaces Laidlaw, 1922 is transferred to the genus Melligomphus Chao, 1990 resulting in Melligomphus acinaces (Laidlaw, 1922) comb. nov. Onychogomphus saundersii Selys, 1854 is transferred to the genus Nychogomphus Carle, 1986 resulting in Nychogomphus saundersii (Selys, 1854) comb. nov..
Keywords: damselfly, dragonfly, diversity, taxonomy, larval description, Indian subcontinent, South Asia
Published in DiRROS: 31.07.2024; Views: 884; Downloads: 726
Full text (470,45 KB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: Fungal spores and mycelium fragments are particles which become and remain airborne and have been subjects of aerobiological studies. The presence and the abundance of taxa in aerobiological samples can be very variable and impaired by changeable climatic conditions. Because many fungi produce mycotoxins and both their mycelium fragments and spores are potential allergens, monitoring the presence of these taxa is of key importance. So far data on exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens are mainly based on the assessment of few, easily identifiable taxa and focused only on certain environments. The microscopic method used to analyze aerobiological samples and the inconspicuous fungal characters do not allow a in depth taxonomical identification. Here, we present a first assessment of fungal diversity from airborne samples using a DNA metabarcoding analysis. The nuclear ITS2 region was selected as barcode to catch fungal diversity in mixed airborne samples gathered during two weeks in four sites of North-Eastern and Central Italy. We assessed the taxonomic composition and diversity within and among the sampled sites and compared the molecular data with those obtained by traditional microscopy. The molecular analyses provide a tenfold more comprehensive determination of the taxa than the traditional morphological inspections. Our results prove that the metabarcoding analysis is a promising approach to increases quality and sensitivity of the aerobiological monitoring. The laboratory and bioinformatic workflow implemented here is now suitable for routine, high-throughput, regional analyses of airborne fungi.
Keywords: fungi, fungal spores, taxonomy, sequence databases
Published in DiRROS: 24.07.2024; Views: 1156; Downloads: 615
Full text (2,84 MB)
This document has many files! More...