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Abstract: Background: Studies on national policies for biologics are warranted. Objectives: To map and compare national healthcare set-ups for prescription, start, switch, tapering, and discontinuation of biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis across Europe, and assess the healthcare set-ups in relation to countries' socio-economic status. Methods: An electronic survey was developed to collect and compare information on national healthcare systems. The relationship between the cumulative score of biologic/targeted synthetic DMARD regulations, socioeconomic indices, and biologic originator costs were assessed by linear regression. Results: National healthcare set-ups differed considerably across the 15 countries, with significantly fewer regulations with increasing socioeconomic status measured by GDP/current health expenditure/human development index, and with increasing biologic originator costs. In most countries, the biologic/targeted synthetic DMARD prescribing doctor was required to adhere to country and/or hospital recommendations, and about a third of countries had a national/regional tender process. Prescription regulations for biologic/targeted synthetic DMARDs, including pre-treatment and disease activity requirements, varied substantially. Approximately a third of countries had criteria for discontinuation and tapering, whereas only few had for switching. Notably, two countries disallowed biologic/targeted synthetic DMARD retrials, and one imposed limit on the maximum number of biologic/targeted synthetic DMARDs permitted. Conclusion: The findings highlight substantial variability in healthcare set-ups for biologic/targeted synthetic DMARD use in psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis across Europe and their association with socioeconomic status and drug costs. These insights provide a basis for rheumatology societies, policymakers, and stakeholders to evaluate and potentially optimize healthcare policies.
Keywords: access to health care, axial spondyloarthritis, biologic therapy, health policy, psoriatic arthritis, socioeconomic health disparties
Published in DiRROS: 27.02.2026; Views: 99; Downloads: 56
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Keywords: sustainable spatial development, Slovenia, sustainability evaluation, municipal spatial planning, local governance, spatial policy implementation
Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2026; Views: 234; Downloads: 47
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Abstract: This study critically examines the challenges faced by the Kosovo Albanian diaspora in investing in their home country. Despite being a significant economic asset, particularly through substantial remittances that contribute to the national GDP, the diaspora encounters various barriers to effective investment. Based on 53 biographical interviews (2014–2016) with migrants in Switzerland and Germany, as well as 23 interviews with key informants, including officials, trade union representatives, and civil society actors, the study highlights the absence of adequate incentive packages to support diaspora driven investments in Kosovo. The research addresses both individual and policy levels, offering recommendations aimed at enhancing the impact of diaspora financial initiatives.
Keywords: diaspora investments, Kosovo Albanian, remittances, economic development, policy recommendations, qualitative research, Kosovo
Published in DiRROS: 10.02.2026; Views: 465; Downloads: 102
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Abstract: Archivists tied between the development of information technology, information science and new legal regulations must deliberate the future acquisition policy of the archives in different circumstances. For decades we have been talking about an explosion of unconventional material. The development and quantity of new information were faster than us. In this paper, we wanted to point to some of the new circumstances of the archival service in Croatia, or the more or less the entire archival community. Archivists in Croatia were particularly interested in the adoption of the Law on amendments to the Law on archival material and archives in May 2017 and the recent adoption of a new, comprehensive Law on archival material and archives. In the context of these changes, which will happen in the future or have already occurred, we must ensure the protection and preservation of the authenticity of the already generated electronic material and conversion into a digital format suitable for long-term preservation and after being taken over to the archives. In addition, we must educate people new competencies. Encouraged by these changes, we will try to describe the prospect of future acquisitions policy of archives.
Keywords: acquisition policy, new Law on archival materials and archives, information technology, electronic form
Published in DiRROS: 29.01.2026; Views: 216; Downloads: 86
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Abstract: This article discusses the meaning of open science, and in particular the concept of citizen science, in a broader socio-political and scientific context. The authors highlight the ambivalence of these concepts and the lack of critical reflection on the possible (unwanted) negative implications of the establishment of these ideas. The authors address these issues using an international comparative analysis based primarily on documentation and secondary data analysis. Research approaches in the sense of open science and citizen science can, in many cases, be useful for researchers as well as for cognitively active citizens. They can enable the enrichment of knowledge and the potential for (social) innovation. However, there are also risks and unwanted side effects that diminish the relevance and status of scientific research. It is particularly dangerous to create illusions about the potential of ad hoc citizen science projects and their outstanding, immediate results. The campaign for open science may serve as a cover-up for some of the problems and anomalies in the realm of science. The authors also see danger in the potential erosion of the autonomy of science and diverting attention from some of the more pressing problems in science.
Keywords: open science, citizen science, socialization of science, science policy, action research
Published in DiRROS: 19.01.2026; Views: 244; Downloads: 79
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