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1.
The correlation between the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in plasma and tumour response and survival after preoperattive radiochemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
Irena Oblak, Vaneja Velenik, Franc Anderluh, Barbara Možina, Janja Ocvirk, 2013, original scientific article

Abstract: Background. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1 is associated with the tumour response and survival to preoperative radiochemotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Patients and methods. Ninety-two patients with histologically confirmed non-metastatic rectal cancer of clinical stage I- III were treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy, surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. Plasma TIMP-1 concentrations were measured prior to the start of the treatment with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Median follow-up time was 68 months (range: 3-93 months) while in survivors it was 80 months (range: 68-93 months). The 5-year locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 80.2%, 56.4%, 63.7% and 52.2%, respectively. The median TIMP-1 level was 185 ng/mL (range: 22-523 ng/mL) and the mean level (standard deviation) was 192 (87) ng/mL. Serum TIMP-1 levels were found to be significantly increased in patients with preoperative CRP>12 mg/L and in those who died from rectal cancer or had cT4 tumours. No correlation was established for age, gender, carcinoembriogenic antigene (CEA) level, platelets count, histopathological grade, response to preoperative therapy, resectability and disease reappearance. On univariate analysis, various parameters favourably influenced one or more survival endpoints: TIMP-1 <170 ng/mL, CRP <12 mg/L, platelets count <290 10E9/L, CEA <3.4mg/L, age <69 years, male gender, early stage disease (cN0 and/or cT2-3), radical surgery (R0) and response to preoperative radiochemotherapy. In multivariate model, LRC was favourably influenced by N-downstage, DFS by lower CRP and N-downstage, DSS by lower CRP and N-downstage and OS by lower TIMP-1 level, lower CRP and N-downstage. Conclusions. Although we did not find any association between pretreatment serum TIMP-1 levels and primary tumour response to preoperative radiochemotherapy in our cohort of patients with rectal cancer, TIMP-1 levels were recognized as an independent prognostic factor for OS in these patients.
Keywords: rectal cancer, radiochemotherapy, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2024; Views: 39; Downloads: 17
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2.
Efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor on bare, oxidized and real archeological bronze in indoor polluted atmosphere - digital image correlation approach
Tadeja Kosec, Polonca Ropret, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor, tolyl methyl imidazole (TMI), was tested in practice and verified in a polluted in-door atmosphere. Special attention was given to its behavior in indoor storage conditions, where volatileorganic pollutants may cause damage to metal artefacts. Prepared samples of bronze and oxidized bronzewere exposed to acetic acid vapors. Raman analysis showed copper acetate and copper nitrate forma-tion. Suppression of corrosion development following the application of tolyl methyl imidazole (TMI) wasobserved. A simple method based on image analysis for corrosion evaluation was specifically developed.The TMI inhibition action was tested on a Roman archeological object and evaluated after exposure toindoor pollutants.
Keywords: bronze, inhibitor, corrosion, Raman
Published in DiRROS: 20.12.2023; Views: 165; Downloads: 90
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3.
SERPING1 variants and C1-INH biological function : a close relationship with C1-INH-HAE
Christian Drouet, Alberto López Lera, Arije Ghannam, Margarita López-Trascasa, Sven Cichon, Denise Ponard, Faidra Parsopoulou, Hana Grombirikova, Tomas Freiberger, Matija Rijavec, Camila Lopes Veronez, João Bosco Pesquero, Anastasios E. Germenis, 2022, review article

Abstract: Hereditary angioedema with C1 Inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is caused by a constellation of variants of the SERPING1 gene (n = 809; 1,494 pedigrees), accounting for 86.8% of HAE families, showing a pronounced mutagenic liability of SERPING1 and pertaining to 5.6% de novo variants. C1-INH is the major control serpin of the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS). In addition, C1-INH controls complement C1 and plasminogen activation, both systems contributing to inflammation. Recognizing the failed control of C1s protease or KKS provides the diagnosis of C1-INH-HAE. SERPING1 variants usually behave in an autosomal-dominant character with an incomplete penetrance and a low prevalence. A great majority of variants (809/893; 90.5%) that were introduced into online database have been considered as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Haploinsufficiency is a common feature in C1-INH-HAE where a dominant-negative variant product impacts the wild-type allele and renders it inactive. Small (36.2%) and large (8.3%) deletions/duplications are common, with exon 4 as the most affected one. Point substitutions with missense variants (32.2%) are of interest for the serpin structure–function relationship. Canonical splice sites can be affected by variants within introns and exons also (14.3%). For noncanonical sequences, exon skipping has been confirmed by splicing analyses of patients' blood-derived RNAs (n = 25). Exonic variants (n = 6) can affect exon splicing. Rare deep-intron variants (n = 6), putatively acting as pseudo-exon activating mutations, have been characterized as pathogenic. Some variants have been characterized as benign/likely benign/of uncertain significance (n = 74). This category includes some homozygous (n = 10) or compound heterozygous variants (n = 11). They are presenting with minor allele frequency (MAF) below 0.00002 (i.e., lower than C1-INH-HAE frequency), and may be quantitatively unable to cause haploinsufficiency. Rare benign variants could contribute as disease modifiers. Gonadal mosaicism in C1-INH-HAE is rare and must be distinguished from a de novo variant. Situations with paternal or maternal disomy have been recorded (n = 3). Genotypes must be interpreted with biological investigation fitting with C1-INH expression and typing. Any SERPING1 variant reminiscent of the dysfunctional phenotype of serpin with multimerization or latency should be identified as serpinopathy.
Keywords: Hereditary angioedemas -- genetics -- diagnosis, genetic variation, serpins, SERPING1 gene, C1-INH, C1-INH-HAE, C1 inhibitor, serpinopathy
Published in DiRROS: 06.04.2022; Views: 808; Downloads: 490
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4.
Selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (SIREN) : a retrospective analysis of patients treated through an access program
Oliver Illini, Maximilian J Hochmair, Hannah Fabikan, Christoph Weinlinger, Amanda Tufman, Aurélie Swalduz, Kristina Lamberg, Sayed M. S. Hashemi, Florian Huemer, Anders Vikström, Katja Mohorčič, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: Introduction: Rearranged during transfection (RET) gene fusions are rare genetic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Selective RET-inhibitors such as selpercatinib have shown therapeutic activity in early clinical trials; however, their efficacy in the real-world setting is unknown. Methods: A retrospective efficacy and safety analysis was performed on data from RET fusio-%positive NSCLC patients who participated in a selpercatinib access program (named patient protocol) between August 2019 and January 2021. Results: Data from 50 patients with RET fusion-positive advanced NSCLC treated with selpercatinib at 27 centers in 12 countries was analyzed. Most patients were Non-Asian (90%), female (60%), never-smokers (74%), with a median age of 65 years (range, 38-89). 32% of the patients had known brain metastasis at the time of selpercatinib treatment. Overall, 13 patients were treatment-naïve, while 37 were pretreated with a median of three lines of therapy (range, 1-8). The objective response rate (ORR) was 68% [95% confidence interval (CI), 53-81] in the overall population. The disease control rate was 92%. The median progression-free survival was 15.6 months (95% CI, 8.8-22.4) after a median follow-up of 9 months. In patients with measurable brain metastases (n=8) intracranial ORR reached 100%. In total, 88% of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), a large majority of them being grade 1 or 2. The most common grade >/=3 TRAEs were increased liver enzyme levels (in 10% of patients), prolonged QTc time (4%), abdominal pain (4%), hypertension (4%), and fatigue/asthenia (4%). None of patients discontinued selpercatinib treatment for safety reasons. No new safety concerns were observed, nor where there any treatment-related death. Conclusions: In this real-world setting, the selective RET-inhibitor selpercatinib demonstrated durable systemic and intracranial antitumor activity in RET fusion-positive NSCLC and was well tolerated.
Keywords: non-small cell lung carcinoma -- drug therapy -- genetics, molecular targeted therapy, real-world data, selpercatinib, targeted therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Published in DiRROS: 16.06.2021; Views: 1248; Downloads: 703
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5.
Hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency in pediatric patients in Croatia : first national study, diagnostic and prophylactic challenges
Ljerka Karadža-Lapić, Marko Barešić, Renata Vrsalović, Irena Ivković-Jureković, Saša Sršen, Ingrid Prkačin, Matija Rijavec, Draško Cikojević, 2019, review article

Abstract: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disease with deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of C1 inhibitor, caused by mutations in the C1-INH gene, characterized by recurrent submucosal or subcutaneous edemas including skin swelling, abdominal pain and life-threatening episodes of upper airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate healthcare experiences in children with HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) in Croatia in order to estimate the number of affected children and to recommend management protocols for diagnosis, short-term prophylaxis and acute treatment. Patients were recruited during a 4-year period at five hospitals in Croatia. Complement testing was performed in patients with a positive family history. This pilot study revealed nine pediatric patients positive for C1-INH- HAE type I, aged 1-16 years, four of them asymptomatic. Before the age of one year, C1-INH levels may be lower than in adults; it is advisable to confirm C1-INH-HAE after the age of one year. Plasma-derived C1- INH is recommended as acute and short-term prophylactic treatment. Recombinant C1-INH and icatibant are licensed for the acute treatment of pediatric patients. In Croatia, HAE is still underdiagnosed in pediatric population.
Keywords: hereditary angioedemas -- genetics -- Croatia, inborn genetic diseases -- Croatia, pediatrics -- Croatia, C1 inhibitor, SERPING1 gene, children
Published in DiRROS: 16.12.2020; Views: 1197; Downloads: 951
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6.
Hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency in Macedonia : clinical characteristics, novel SERPING1 mutations, and genetic factors modifying the clinical phenotype
Vesna Grivčeva-Panovska, Mitja Košnik, Peter Korošec, Slađana Andrejević, Ljerka Karadža-Lapić, Matija Rijavec, 2018, original scientific article

Abstract: Objective: Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare disease, characterized by swellings. We aimed to characterize on a clinical and molecular basis C1-INH-HAE patients in the Republic of Macedonia. Results: All 15 patients from six unrelated families were diagnosed with C1-INHHAE type I, with a mean age of symptom onset of 11 years and an average delay of diagnosis of 7 years. Patients reported on average 31 angioedema attacks/year, with a median clinical severity score (CSS) of 7. We identified three known mutations, and two mutations (c.813_818delCAACAA and c.1488T>G) were reported for the first time. To address the genotype-phenotype association, a pooled analysis including 78 C1-INH-HAE south-eastern European patients was performed, with additional analysis of F12-46C/T and KLKB1- 428G/A polymorphisms. We demonstrated that patients with nonsense and frameshift mutations, large deletions/insertions, splicing defects, and mutations at Arg444 exhibited an increased CSS compared with missense mutations, excluding mutations at Arg444. In addition, the CC F12-46C/T polymorphism was suggestive of earlier disease onset. Discussion: Genetic analysis helped identify the molecular basis of C1-INH-HAE given that causative mutations in SERPING1 were detected in all patients, including an infant before the appearance of clinical symptoms. We identified two novel mutations and further corroborated the genotype-phenotype relationship, wherein mutations with a clear effect on C1-INH function predispose patients to a more severe disease phenotype and CC F12-46C/T predisposes patients to earlier disease onset.
Keywords: hereditary angioedemas -- genetics -- Macedonia, C1 inhibitor, SERPING1 gene, C1 inhibitor, SERPING1 gene
Published in DiRROS: 30.11.2020; Views: 1231; Downloads: 269
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