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Query: "keywords" (hybridization) .

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1.
Hybrid zones in the European Alps impact the phylogeography of alpine vicariant willow species (Salix L.)
Loïc Pittet, Pia Marinček, Piotr Kosinski, Natascha D. Wagner, Elvira Hörandl, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: Introduction: In the European Alps, Pleistocene climate oscillations resulted in geographical range expansions and restrictions of species. Postglacial recolonizations often result in secondary contact hybridization of vicariant species, thereby creating hybrid zones with patterns of introgression. Here, we compare the genetic structure of two secondary contact hybrid zones between two vicariant willow species pairs occurring in the European Alpine System. Supplemented by morphological and ecological data, we try to understand the factors shaping the hybrid zones and their influence on geographical range filling patterns. Methods: RAD sequencing and morphometric data were used to characterize biogeographical history, genetic diversity and the hybrid zone of each species pair. Vegetation relevés and species distribution models provided ecological context and support. Key results: Results suggest that recolonization of the Alps happened from peripheral glacial refugia, resulting in broad secondary contact zones in the Eastern Alps in both species pairs. Both hybrid zones show introgression, but differ in symmetry and intensity of gene flow, in the type of introgressed loci, and in the geographical range. Habitat preferences and species distribution models do not indicate ecological barriers to recolonization. Conclusions: Hybrid zones do not only affect the genetic structure of species by gene flow and introgression, but also appear to impact the biogeographical patterns of species.
Keywords: hybridization, phylogeny, phylogeography, climatic oscillations, genus Salix
Published in DiRROS: 22.04.2025; Views: 239; Downloads: 83
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2.
Evolution of a hybrid zone of willows (Salix L.) in the Alps analysed by RAD-seq and morphometrics
Pia Marinček, 2022, master's thesis

Abstract: Natural hybridization of plants can result in many outcomes with several evolutionary consequences, such as hybrid speciation and introgression. Natural hybrid zones can arise as a result of fluctuating climate during the exchange of glacial and interglacial periods, where species retract and expand their territories, resulting in secondary contacts. On mountain ranges, such as the European Alps, hybrid zones of alpine species are frequently formed where different lineages meet. Willows are a large genus of woody plants with an immense capability of interspecific crossing. About 33 species of this genus inhabit the Alps, where intermediate phenotypes were frequently observed and proclaimed as hybrids, but rarely examined in detail. One of the reasons was a lack of informative molecular markers and suitable analytical tools to analyse this highly diverse and convergent genus. With the development of the RAD-seq technology, several questions regarding willow phylogeny and hybridization could be answered. In this study, a putative hybrid zone of two sister species, S. foetida and S. waldsteiniana, was investigated to study the genomic structure of populations within and outside their contact zone, to find evidence for hybrid speciation or introgression, and to analyse if morphological phenotypes are reflected by their genotypes. Individuals of the two species were sampled across their distribution range in the Alps and examined with the use of RADseq data and morphometric analyses. The results showed that a hybrid zone between the two species was established within the range of their contact zone. Patterns of genetic admixture in homoploid hybrids indicated introgression with asymmetric backcrossing to one of the parental species. Morphometric characteristics of hybrids supported the molecular data and showed intermediacy with a bias towards S. waldsteiniana. Only one potentially divergent hybrid lineage was observed, hinting to a possibility of localised hybrid speciation events.
Keywords: alpine plants, hybridization, morphometry, RAD sequencing, master thesis
Published in DiRROS: 17.01.2025; Views: 306; Downloads: 100
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