1. Integrating computational fluid dynamics into organ-on-chip systems: a glioblastoma-centred design and validation frameworkHooman Taleban, Xinzhong Li, Zulfiqur Ali, Karunakaran Kalesh, Jai Prakash, Tugba Bagci-Onder, Barbara Breznik, 2026, review article Abstract: Glioblastoma GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most lethal and treatment-resistant brain cancers, driven in part by the complexity of its tumour microenvironment (TME). While organ-on-chip (OoC) platforms offer more physiologically relevant models than traditional 2D or static 3D systems, their design remains largely empirical, lacking predictive control over flow conditions, biochemical gradients, and mechanical cues. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance the design, precision, and biological fidelity of OoC platforms. This comprehensive review highlights current limitations in replicating GBM’s biological complexity and technical constraints in device fabrication and maintenance, mapping them to specific CFD strategies. It synthesises current strategies into a structured workflow for integrating CFD into the design, optimisation, and validation of microfluidic tumour models—bridging engineering precision with biological complexity. In addition, validation frameworks reported in the literature are highlighted and mapped onto GBM-on-chip applications have been recommended, drawing on widely recognised international standards for engineering validation and regulatory modelling practices. Finally, this review positions CFD as a core component of GBM-on-chip development and explores how its integration with AI-based optimisation can advance the creation of more predictive, scalable, and biologically relevant in vitro tumour models.
Keywords: AI, computational fluid dynamics, glioblastoma, In silicosimulation, in vitro modelling, microfluidic perfusion, organ-on-chip, tumour microenvironment
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2026; Views: 411; Downloads: 198
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3. Stable implementation of a Chen-based enhancement to the Lee phase-change model for CFD simulation of film boiling under energetic melt-coolant interaction conditionsMihael Boštjan Končar, Matej Tekavčič, Mitja Uršič, Mihael Sekavčnik, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: This study investigates heat and mass transfer during energetic melt-coolant interactions, focusing on film boiling around a hot melt particle in subcooled convective flow. The considered conditions, free-flow velocities of a few m/s, melt particle temperatures of several thousand K, particle diameters of several tens of a μm, and liquid subcooling of several tens of a K, align with TREPAM experiments (CEA, France). A two-phase computational fluid dynamics framework, based on the Volume of Fluid method, is used. An improved phase-change model is implemented, combining Chen’s explicit formulation of the phase-change intensity factor with the robustness of the conventional Lee model. The approach reduces sensitivity to empirical parameters and enhances phase-change localisation. Additional constraints on the intensity factor ensure numerical stability under extreme thermal conditions relevant to vapour energetic melt-coolant interactions. Simulations of TREPAM experiments demonstrate improved heat flux predictions and enhanced flow dynamics capture. Analysis of the simulated velocity fields reveal secondary flows in the vapour wake, impacting heat and mass transfer and emphasizing the need to resolve vapor-phase flow conditions. To fully validate proposed modifications to phase-change model further numerical and experimental investigation is required, focusing on vapour film morphology and localized heat transfer intensity.
Keywords: film boiling, extreme thermal conditions, phase-change modelling, computational fluid dynamics, two-phase flow
Published in DiRROS: 16.09.2025; Views: 536; Downloads: 299
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4. Predicting the total wall time of CFD simulations of single-compartment firesMartin Veit, Andrea Lucherini, Georgios Maragkos, Bart Merci, 2024, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The total wall time is often difficult to predict a priori in compartment fire simulations due to dynamic phenomena that can occur, e.g., flame extinction. The wall time is dependent on multiple physical factors in the simulation, along with simulation factors and the system used to compute the model. Specifically, the CFL number of a simulation is highly influential to the wall time, as this restricts the time step size. In this paper, the prediction of the total wall time for a single-compartment fire is investigated considering varying fire heat release rates and compartment ventilation factors. It is shown that an increasing heat release rate increases the total wall time due to higher velocities inside the compartment. Furthermore, when the compartment becomes under-ventilated, the wall time becomes more difficult to predict early on in the simulation, as steady state conditions are reached later, compared to well-ventilated cases. The time at which the wall time can be accurately predicted changed from a few physical seconds in the well-ventilated case, to up to 60 physical seconds for the under-ventilated case.
Keywords: simulations, computational fluid dynamics, fire dynamics simulator, wall time
Published in DiRROS: 19.12.2024; Views: 924; Downloads: 487
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5. A review of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of mixing in the pharmaceutical industrySimon Babnik, Vivian Erklavec Zajec, Blaž Oblak, Blaž Likozar, Andrej Pohar, 2020, other scientific articles Keywords: computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mixing vessel, batch reactor, phar-maceutical industry, bioreactors, crystallization, particulate flow, process optimization, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)
Published in DiRROS: 10.06.2020; Views: 3254; Downloads: 2089
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