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Abstract: Neurocognitive decline during the perioperative period represents a risk of significant complications, including dementia and death. The aim of our study was to observe the change in biomarkers of neuroinflammation in optimized anesthesia without clinical signs of perioperative neurocognitive decline. Observational study included high-risk surgical patients who underwent large intestinal resections. Balanced anaesthesia was used to maximize cerebral protection. The release of NSE, protein S-100, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and other biomarkers of cerebral injury were measured in serum samples using immunochemical methods during and after surgery. Profiles of proteins MMP-9 and S-100 showed perioperative increase, which was in accordance with intraoperative cerebral injury. Despite the increase, the S-100 and NSE plasma levels remained within normal range. The study highlights the perioperative expression of proteins MMP-9 and S-100, which might be useful as biomarkers of cerebral injury in the context of balanced anesthesia during major abdominal surgery.
Keywords: biomarkers, abdominal cancer surgery, anaesthesia
Published in DiRROS: 27.02.2026; Views: 121; Downloads: 32
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Keywords: pancreatic cancer, metabolism, MAGE, oncology
Published in DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Views: 141; Downloads: 31
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Abstract: BRAF and cMET exon 14 skipping are rare mutations of NSCLC. The treatment sequence in these cases for the first and second line is not clear. An international registry was created for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring BRAF or cMET exon 14 skipping mutations, diagnosed from January 2017 to June 2022. Clinicopathological and molecular data and treatment patterns were recorded. Data on 58 patients, from eight centers across five countries, were included in the final analysis. We found that 40 patients had the cMET exon 14 skipping mutation and 18 had the BRAF V600E mutation. In total, 53 and 28 patients received first- and second-line treatments, respectively, among which 52.8% received targeted therapy (TT) in the first line and 53.5% in the second line. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for first-line treatment with TT vs. other treatment such as immune checkpoint inhibitors ± chemotherapy (IO ± CT) were 55.6% vs. 21.7% (p = 0.0084) and 66.7% vs. 39.1% (p = 0.04), respectively. The type of treatment in first-line TT vs. other affected time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) was 11.6 m vs. 4.6 m (p= 0.006). The overall survival for the whole group was 15.4 m and was not statistically affected by the type of treatment (19.2 m vs. 13.5 m; p = 0.83).
Keywords: non-small-cell lung cancer, BRAF V600 mutation, cMET exon 14 skipping mutation, real-world data, targeted therapy, first-line therapy
Published in DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Views: 136; Downloads: 59
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Abstract: Background: The recommended booster third dose of vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients seems reasonable to protect them against a severe disease course. A prospective study was designed to assess the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in this cohort. Methods: Patients with solid malignancies on active treatment were followed up after the primary course and booster third dose of vaccination to assess their anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels, efficacy in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and safety. Results: Out of 125 patients receiving the primary course of vaccination, 66 patients received a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine, with a 20-fold increase in median anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels compared to Ab levels six months post-primary course of vaccination (p < 0.0001). After the booster third dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels were comparable to healthy controls (p = 0.113). There was a decline in Ab levels 3 (p = 0.0003) and 6 months (p < 0.0001) post-third booster dose. No patients had either a severe disease course or a lethal outcome in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the third booster dose. Conclusion: The third booster vaccination dose against COVID-19 in solid cancer patients triggers substantial immunogenicity and is safe and effective for preventing a severe COVID-19 disease course.
Keywords: solid cancer, COVID-19 vaccination, booster third dose
Published in DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Views: 100; Downloads: 42
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Abstract: Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients, significantly affecting their quality of life, survival, and health care costs. This review summarizes key recommendations from the 2023 European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines on CAT prevention and treatment, illustrated by a real-world case, and examines barriers to their implementation. CAT risk is multifactorial, shaped by tumor-related factors (type, stage, time since diagnosis), treatment exposures (anticancer agents, surgery, central venous catheters), and comorbidities, captured by the “4TS” rule. Emerging biomarkers (eg, D-dimer, thrombin generation, coagulome genes) and oncogenic mutations may refine risk stratification. The guidelines recommend routine assessment using models such as the Khorana score, COMPASS-CAT, or Vienna-CATS, with COMPASS-CAT demonstrating superior predictive accuracy for patients with breast, lung, ovarian, or colon cancer. For high-risk ambulatory patients, thromboprophylaxis is recommended for up to 6 months, with regular reassessment of risk thereafter. Treatment of CAT favors low-molecular-weight heparin or oral direct FXa inhibitors (apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban), with incidental venous thromboembolism managed similarly to symptomatic events. The API-CAT study supports low-dose apixaban (2.5 mg twice a day) as a safer long-term treatment. Screening for antiphospholipid antibodies guides therapeutic strategies. Major challenges for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment include renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, and treatment adherence. Oral direct FXa inhibitors may improve quality of life. Effective CAT management requires individualized care, strong clinician–patient communication, and education. The guideline implementation remains suboptimal. Closing the gap demands national strategies promoting health-provider training, patient empowerment, e-health applications, equitable access, and dedicated CAT outpatient clinics for sustained, personalized care.
Keywords: cancer‑associated thrombosis, oral direct anticoagulants, guidelines, low‑molecular‑weight heparin, risk assessment model
Published in DiRROS: 24.02.2026; Views: 145; Downloads: 59
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