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Query: "keywords" (Fagus sylvatica) .

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11.
Relationships between wood-anatomical features and resistance drilling density in Norway spruce and European beech
Domen Arnič, Luka Krajnc, Jožica Gričar, Peter Prislan, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Environmental conditions affect tree-ring width (TRW), wood structure, and, consequently, wood density, which is one of the main wood quality indicators. Although studies on inter- and intra-annual variability in tree-ring features or density exist, studies demonstrating a clear link between wood structure on a cellular level and its effect on wood density on a macroscopic level are rare. Norway spruce with its simple coniferous structure and European beech, a diffuse-porous angiosperm species were selected to analyze these relationships. Increment cores were collected from both species at four sites in Slovenia. In total, 24 European beech and 17 Norway spruce trees were sampled. In addition, resistance drilling measurements were performed just a few centimeters above the increment core sampling. TRW and quantitative wood anatomy measurements were performed on the collected cores. Resistance drilling density values, tree-ring (TRW, earlywood width–EWW, transition-TWW, and latewood width–LWW) and wood-anatomical features (vessel/tracheid area and diameter, cell density, relative conductive area, and cell wall thickness) were then averaged for the first 7 cm of measurements. We observed significant relationships between tree-ring and wood-anatomical features in both spruce and beech. In spruce, the highest correlation values were found between TRW and LWW. In beech, the highest correlations were observed between TRW and cell density. There were no significant relationships between wood-anatomical features and resistance drilling density in beech. However, in spruce, a significant negative correlation was found between resistance drilling density and tangential tracheid diameter, and a positive correlation between resistance drilling density and both TWW + LWW and LWW. Our findings suggest that resistance drilling measurements can be used to evaluate differences in density within and between species, but they should be improved in resolution to be able to detect changes in wood anatomy.
Keywords: wood structure, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, quantitative wood anatomy, xylem anatomy, wood density, increment borer
Published in DiRROS: 08.04.2022; Views: 573; Downloads: 424
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12.
Modeliranje višinske in debelinske rasti dominantnih dreves ter ocenjevanje indeksov produkcijske sposobnosti gozdnih rastišč
Andrej Bončina, Vasilije Trifković, Živa Bončina, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: Modeli višinskega in debelinskega priraščanja dreves so pomembni za upravljanje gozdov, saj so podlaga za določanje režima redčenj, ciljnih premerov drevesnih vrst in optimalnega razmerja razvojnih faz ter ocenjevanje produkcijske sposobnosti goz%dnih rastišč. S podatki s stalnih vzorčnih ploskev smo za dva gozdna tipa (gradnovo bukovje na izpranih tleh in predalpsko jelovo bukovje) modelirali višinsko rast dominantnih bukev in smrek glede na njihov premer. Za obe vrsti smo ocenili rastiščni produkcijski indeks (SPI), ki je dominanta višina drevja pri prsnem premeru 45 cm. Na podlagi debelinskega priraščanja do%minantnih dreves smo ocenili prehodne dobe in povprečno starost dreves glede na njihovo debelino. To so bili vhodni podatki za določitev regresijskega modela višine dominantnih dreves glede na njihovo starost. SPI je za smreko v primerjavi z bukvijo pričakovano višji, pri bukvi je vrednost SPI višja na rastišču gradnovega bukovja na izpranih tleh (28,7 m proti 27,9 m), pri smreki pa na rastišču predalpskega jelovega bukovja (31,3 m proti 29,7 m). Vrednosti rastiščnih indeksov (SI; dominantna višina drevja pri starosti 100 let) smreke na rastiščih gradnovega bukovja in predalpskega jelovega bukovja so 33,4 in 32,0, bukve pa 29,0 in 27,0. Z opisanim postopkom smo za izbrana gozdna rastiščna tipa določili indekse produkcijske sposobnosti gozdnih smreke in bukve (SI in SPI); uporabnost postopka je treba preveriti še za druge drevesne vrste in gozdne rastiščne tipe.
Keywords: dominantna drevesa, višinska rast, debelinska rast, rastiščni indeks, rastiščni produkcijski indeks, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies
Published in DiRROS: 17.08.2021; Views: 3428; Downloads: 2045
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V Sloveniji se povečuje osutost bukove krošnje
Nikica Ogris, Mitja Skudnik, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: V zadnjem času po vsej Sloveniji opažamo hiranje navadne bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.). Cilj prispevka je predstaviti dolgoročen trend osutosti krošnje navadne bukve v Sloveniji in pojasniti delež osutosti bukove krošnje s pomočjo podatkov iz popisa povzročiteljev poškodb v okviru vsakoletnega popisa razvrednotenja in poškodovanosti gozdov. Pri tem smo uporabili podatkovno zbirko o spremljanju osutosti in poškodovanosti dreves na M6 stalnih vzorčnih ploskvah (Nivo I) na sistematični mreži 16 % 16 km v obdobju 1993%2020. Rezultati kažejo, da se je povprečna osutost bukove krošnje od leta 1993 do 2020 povečala iz 13,9 % na 32,2 %. Dolgoročen linearen trend je pokazal, da se je povprečna osutost bukove krošnje povečala za 0,63 % na leto. Za trend povprečne osutosti bukve je bilo prelomno izjemno sušno leto 2003, ko se je trend osutosti povečal iz 0,61 % na 0,94 % na leto. Trend večanja osutosti bukve smo zaznali na vseh obravnavanih lokacijah. Ugotovili smo, da se povprečna osutost bukve hitreje veča na jugu in zahodu države. Katastrofalen žledolom leta 2014 je povzročil drastično spremembo povzročiteljev osutosti bukve. V obdobju pred žledolomom leta 2014 so osutost bukove krošnje najbolje pojasnjevale poškodbe zaradi žuželk. Po žledolomu leta 2014 so se povečale poškodbe bukve zaradi žleda, gliv, neposrednih človekovih vplivov (obsežne sanacije žledoloma) in drugih dejavnikov. Žledolom je na bukovih gozdovih pustil trajne posledice, saj so poškodbe zaradi žleda in posledično sanacije vidne še dandanes, kar je razvidno tudi iz popisa povzročiteljev poškodb bukve. V zadnjih dveh letih, 2019%2020, so glive najpomembnejše povzročiteljice poškodb bukve. Po letu 2014 pa se je zmanjšala poškodovanost bukve zaradi žuželk. Natančnih vzrokov za splošno slabšanje zdravstvenega stanja bukve po vsej Sloveniji še ne poznamo.
Keywords: Fagus sylvatica, bukev, osutost krošnje, poškodovanost, podnebne spremembe, žledolom, suša
Published in DiRROS: 02.08.2021; Views: 1493; Downloads: 391
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15.
Contrasting resource dynamics in mast years for European Beech and Oak - a continental scale analysis
Anita Nussbaumer, Arthur Gessler, Sue Benham, B. De Cinti, Sophia Etzold, Morten Ingerslev, Frank Jacob, François Lebourgeois, Tom Levanič, Hrvoje Marjanović, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into fruit production during mast years. However, there is a large knowledge gap concerning species-specific differences in resource dynamics. We investigated the influence of mast years on stem growth, leaf production, and leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and contents in Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, and Q. robur at continental and climate region scales using long-term data from the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) and similar datasets. We discussed the results in the light of opposing resource dynamics hypotheses: (i) resource accumulation before mast years and exhaustion after mast years (resource storage hypothesis), (ii) shifting resources from vegetative to generative compartments (resource switching hypothesis), and (iii) investing resources concurrently in both vegetative and generative compartments (resource matching hypothesis). Linear mixed-effects modelling (LMM) showed that both stem growth and leaf production were negatively influenced by weather conditions which simultaneously lead to high fruit production. Thus, the impact of generative on vegetative growth is intermixed with effects of environmental factors. Superposed epoch analyses and LMM showed that for mast behaviour in F. sylvatica, there are indicators supporting the resource storage and the resource switching hypotheses. Before mast years, resources were accumulated, while during mast years resources switched from vegetative to generative tissues with reduced stem and leaf growth. For the Quercus species, stem growth was reduced after mast years, which supports the resource storage hypothesis. LMM showed that leaf C concentrations did not change with increasing fruit production in neither species. Leaf N and P concentrations increased in F. sylvatica, but not in Quercus species. Leaf N and P contents decreased with increasing fruit production in all species, as did leaf C content in F. sylvatica. Overall, our findings suggest different resource dynamics strategies in F. sylvatica and Quercus species, which might lead to differences in their adaptive capacity to a changing climate.
Keywords: climate change, Fagus sylvatica, long-term monitoring, mast fruiting, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, resource dynamics
Published in DiRROS: 15.07.2021; Views: 853; Downloads: 627
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Načrtovanje in gospodarjenje z bukvijo na Hrvaškem
Juro Čavlović, Igor Anić, 2008, review article

Keywords: bukev, Fagus sylvatica, lesna zaloga, nega sestojev, obnova sestojev, Hrvaška, debelinska struktura
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2020; Views: 1184; Downloads: 352
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Sodobno gojenje bukovih gozdov
Dušan Roženbergar, Andrej Ficko, Jurij Diaci, 2008, review article

Keywords: nega gozdov, negovalni modeli, bukovi gozdovi, bukev, gojenje gozdov, Fagus sylvatica
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2020; Views: 1190; Downloads: 369
.pdf Full text (396,04 KB)

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