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Keywords: rak dojke, celostna rehabilitacija, zdravljenje, klinične študije
Published in DiRROS: 11.09.2026; Views: 32; Downloads: 38
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Abstract: Personalizirana medicina temelji na prilagajanju zdravljenja genotipu in fenotipu posameznika z namenom povečanja učinkovitosti terapije in zmanjšanja tveganja za neželene učinke. Pomembno vlogo pri njenem uveljavljanju imajo ustrezni predklinični modeli in vitro, ki omogočajo sistematično proučevanje interindividualnih razlik v odzivu na zdravilne učinkovine. Med pogosto uporabljenimi modeli so limfoblastoidne celične linije, pridobljene s transdukcijo človeških limfocitov B z virusom Epstein-Barr. Limfoblastoidne celične linije ohranjajo genetske značilnosti darovalca in predstavljajo uporaben model in vitro v genomskih, farmakogenomskih ter farmakoloških raziskavah. V članku so predstavljeni postopki priprave limfoblastoidnih celičnih linij, molekularni mehanizmi njihove imortalizacije ter njihova uporaba v predkliničnih študijah in personalizirani medicini. Obravnavane so tudi prednosti in omejitve uporabe limfoblastoidnih celičnih linij v predkliničnih študijah, zlasti vpliv transdukcije z virusom Epstein-Barr na celično fiziologijo, odzivnost na zdravila ter interpretacijo eksperimentalnih rezultatov. Limfoblastoidne celične linije predstavljajo pomemben podporni model in vitro, predvsem v zgodnjih fazah predkliničnih študij in kot dopolnilo naprednejšim celičnim sistemom v sodobni biomedicini.
Keywords: celični modeli in vitro, limfoblastoidne celične linije, predklinične študije, personalizirana medicina
Published in DiRROS: 10.07.2026; Views: 231; Downloads: 79
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Keywords: ženske študije, vloge ženske v družbi, srednji vek, spolnost, ocena knjige
Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2026; Views: 202; Downloads: 161
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Abstract: Background Statins are the cornerstone treatment for patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia but research suggests it could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. A low prevalence of type 2 diabetes was reported in some familial hypercholesterolaemia cohorts, raising the question of whether these patients are protected against type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a well known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of known key determinants of type 2 diabetes with its prevalence in people with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Methods This worldwide cross-sectional study used individual-level data from the EAS FHSC registry and included adults older than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia who had data available on age, BMI, and diabetes status. Those with known or suspected homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and type 1 diabetes were excluded. The main outcome was prevalence of type 2 diabetes overall and by WHO region, and in relation to obesity (BMI ≥30∙0 kg/m²) and lipid-lowering medication as predictors. The study population was divided into 12 risk categories based on age (tertiles), obesity, and receiving statins, and the risk of type 2 diabetes was investigated using logistic regression. Findings Among 46 683 adults with individual-level data in the FHSC registry, 24 784 with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia were included in the analysis from 44 countries. 19 818 (80%) had a genetically confirmed diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Type 2 diabetes prevalence in the total population was 5·7% (1415 of 24 784), with 4·1% (817 of 19 818) in the genetically diagnosed cohort. Higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes was observed in the Eastern Mediterranean (58 [29·9%] of 194), South-East Asia and Western Pacific (214 [12·0%] of 1785), and the Americas (166 [8·5%] of 1955) than in Europe (excluding the Netherlands; 527 [8·0%] of 6579). Advancing age, a higher BMI category (obesity and overweight), and use of lipid-lowering medication were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of sex and LDL cholesterol. Among the 12 risk categories, the probability of developing type 2 diabetes was higher in people in the highest risk category (aged 55–98 years, with obesity, and receiving statins; OR 74∙42 [95% CI 47∙04–117∙73]) than in those in the lowest risk category (aged 18–38 years, without obesity, and not receiving statins). Those who did not have obesity, even if they were in the upper age tertile and receiving statins, had lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 24∙42 [15∙57–38∙31]). The corresponding results in the genetically diagnosed cohort were OR 65∙04 (40∙67–104∙02) for those with obesity in the highest risk category and OR 20∙07 (12∙73–31∙65) for those without obesity. Interpretation Adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in most WHO regions have a higher type 2 diabetes prevalence than in Europe. Obesity markedly increases the risk of diabetes associated with age and use of statins in these patients. Our results suggest that heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia does not protect against type 2 diabetes, hence managing obesity is essential to reduce type 2 diabetes in this patient population
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, type 2, aged, risk factors, cross-sectional studies, sladkorna bolezen, tip 2, starostniki, dejavniki tveganja, presečne študije
Published in DiRROS: 12.06.2026; Views: 399; Downloads: 294
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Abstract: V znanstvenem eseju predstavljam pregled tem in področij, s proučevanjem katerih sem se ukvarjal v štirih desetletjih svoje raziskovalne kariere in o njih pisal v svojih objavah, ter oceno njihove relevantnosti in aktualnosti. Sledijo razmišljanja o raziskovalnih pristopih in metodologiji raziskovanja kompleksnih družbenih pojavov ter o prednostih, omejitvah, slabostih in problemih raziskovalnih pristopov, metod in tehnik, ki sem jih uporabljal, kombiniral in razvijal pri raziskovanju. V tem kontekstu pozornost namenjam vprašanjem objektivnosti ter subjektivnosti, ideološke in vrednostne pogojenosti družboslovnega in humanističnega raziskovanja, etičnosti v raziskovanju in znanosti ter problematičnim težnjam za politično korektnost raziskovanja in znanosti. V nadaljevanju obravnavam problematiko delovanja in financiranja raziskovanja in znanosti v Sloveniji in širše ter predstavljam nekaj predlogov za razreševanje ključnih problemov. Esej zaključujem z razmišljanji o institucionalni evalvaciji raziskovalnih in znanstvenih institucij, individualni evalvaciji raziskovalcev ter preverjanju in ocenjevanju kakovosti raziskovalnega dela in rezultatov. Kritično razmišljam o pozitivnih in negativnih posledicah uveljavljanja načela »objavljaj ali propadi« (publish or perish), o pomenu bibliometrije in individualnih recenzij (peer review) pri preverjanju kakovosti v raziskovanju in znanosti, o problemih akademskega založništva in odprtega dostopa do objav v znanstvenih revijah in monografijah, o vlogi indeksov, ki jih večinoma oblikujejo in upravljajo zasebna dobičkovna podjetja, ter o prihodnjem razvoju raziskovanja in znanosti.
Keywords: metodologija, raziskovanje kompleksnih dinamičnih družbenih pojavov, etnične in manjšinske študije, delovanje in financiranje raziskovanja in znanosti, evalvacija v raziskovanju in znanosti
Published in DiRROS: 09.03.2026; Views: 467; Downloads: 417
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