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Abstract: Across much of Europe, climate change has caused a major dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), an economically important tree species. However, the southeasternmost fringe of this tree species – the Eastern Carpathians – has not yet suffered large-scale dieback. Studying temporal shifts of climate sensitivity (TSCS) over time may elucidate the degree to which Norway spruce may be vulnerable to climate-change induced decline in upcoming decades. Under this framework, we analyzed a regional tree-ring network comprising >3000 trees, with the aim of quantifying TSCS since 1950. We mathematically defined TSCS as the slope parameter of the regression of climate sensitivity (the correlation coefficient) over time. Given the often-observed contrasting shift of climate sensitivity at low versus high elevations, we were particularly interested in studying potentially divergent TSCS along elevational and spatial gradients. Our analyses revealed several indications of TSCS for Norway spruce in the Eastern Carpathians. First, at high elevations (>1100 m a.s.l.), we found that the positive link between summer temperature and spruce growth decreased significantly over the study period. In turn, these trees, over time, featured an increasing positive relationship with late winter temperatures. At low elevations (<800 m a.s.l.), the signal of positive summer Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) correlation became more frequent among sites towards 2021, while the strength of the positive winter SPEI correlation from the previous growing season weakened. Our results revealed that TSCS was driven significantly by an elevational climate gradient and a longitudinal continentality gradient. Overall, our findings indicate that Norway spruce is increasingly affected by water limitations under climate change at low elevations, highlighting a potentially rising risk of decline of this species in the Eastern Carpathians.
Keywords: temperature, water availability, climate change, tree-ring width, non-stationarity, Picea abies, daily climate-growth relationships
Published in DiRROS: 30.09.2024; Views: 479; Downloads: 753
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Abstract: Aims Poplars are ecologically and economically important tree genus, sensitive to ozone (O3). This study aimed to investigate modifying effects of elevated O3 on poplar root response to nutrient addition. Methods In pot experiment, young trees of an O3-sensitive Oxford poplar clone (Populus maximoviczii Henry x berolinensis Dippel) growing in soil with three levels of P (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) and two levels of N (0 and 80 kg ha-1) were exposed to three levels of O3 (ambient - AA, 1.5 x AA, 2.0 x AA) at a free air exposure facility. After one growing season, root biomass, fine root (<2 mm) nutrient concentrations and ratios, and fine root morphology were assessed. Results Nitrogen addition resulted in an up to +100.5% increase in coarse and fine root biomass under AA, and only up to +46.3% increase under 2.0 x AA. Elevated O3 and P addition had a positive effect, while N had a negative effect on P concentrations in fine roots. Nitrogen limitation for root growth expressed as a N:P ratio was more pronounced at elevated O3. Nitrogen addition increased root surface area per soil volume by +78.3% at AA and only by +9.9% at 2.0 x AA. Conclusions Smaller root surface area per soil volume at elevated O3 prevented acquisition of available N, rendering N fertilization of young poplar plantations in such conditions economically and environmentally questionable.
Keywords: fine roots, nitrogen, phosphorus, Populusmaximoviczii x berolinensis, ozone, Poplar
Published in DiRROS: 16.06.2020; Views: 2512; Downloads: 1463
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