1. Izgradnja lizimetrov za preučevanje izpiranja potencionalno nevarnih snovi iz gradbenih proizvodovJanez Turk, Janko Urbanc, Ana Mladenovič, Alenka Sešek Pavlin, Primož Oprčkal, Karmen Fifer Bizjak, Barbara Likar, Marko Brodnik, Nina Mali, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Z uporabo recikliranih odpadkov v gradbeništvu nadomeščamo naravne materiale in s tem vzpostavljamo krožno gospodarstvo na lokalnem nivoju. Pomemben vidik je tudi ohranjanje naravnih virov. To je še posebno pereče pri zemeljskih delih (npr. zasipih in nasipih), kjer prihaja do velike porabe materialov. Geotehnični kompoziti iz recikliranih materialov, v primerjavi z naravnimi agregati ali zemljinami, lahko vsebujejo višje celotne koncentracije potencialno nevarnih snovi (težke kovine, klorid, sulfat, fluorid, organska onesnaževala itd.). Pogoj za uporabo takšnih kompozitov je, da so v njih potencialno nevarne snovi imobilizirane in da so zato iz kemijskega vidika trajno inertni. Možni vplivi na okolje, predvsem prenos različnih potencialno nevarnih snovi iz kompozitov v tla oziroma vodonosnik, so običajno ovrednoteni na laboratorijski ravni, medtem ko je njihovo obnašanje v dejanskem okolju slabo proučeno. Zato se pojavljajo zahteve po razvoju občutljivih, zanesljivih in cenovno ter časovno učinkovitih orodij za določitev masnih tokov potencialno nevarnih snovi iz gradbenih proizvodov, na primer geotehničnih kompozitov, pod vplivi različnih okoljskih dejavnikov. V članku predstavljamo postopek vzpostavitve terenskega laboratorija na osnovi sistema "pan" lizimetrov, za zbiranje izcednih voda iz zasipov, ki so bili izdelani iz geotehničnih kompozitov iz recikliranih materialov. Lizimetre smo konstruirali in izvedli tako, da je njihova izgradnja cenovno ugodna, hkrati pa so po svojih dimenzijah dovolj veliki, da reprezentativno odražajo procese v zgrajenih geotehničnih zasipih. Pridobljeni podatki o količini in parametrih izcedne vode bodo služili kot osnova za določanje vodne bilance in za študij imobilizacije potencialno nevarnih snovi v kompozitih. Hkrati bodo uporabljeni kot vhodni podatki za geokemijski numerični model, s katerim bomo simulirali transport potencialno nevarnih snovi, sproščenih iz preučevanih kompozitov, v različnih tipih vodonosnikov (npr. medzrnski in razpoklinski).
Keywords: lizimeter, izlužek, okoljski monitoring, geotehnični zasip, odpadki
Published in DiRROS: 12.09.2023; Views: 265; Downloads: 122
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2. Environmental acceptability of geotechnical composites from recycled materials : comparative study of laboratory and field investigationsMarija Đurić, Vesna Zalar Serjun, Ana Mladenovič, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Radmila Milačič, Janez Ščančar, Janko Urbanc, Nina Mali, Alenka Sešek Pavlin, Janez Turk, Primož Oprčkal, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The environmental properties of three geotechnical composites made by recycling wastes were investigated on a laboratory scale and in the field with the use of lysimeters designated for the revitalization of degraded mining sites. Composites were prepared by combining the mine waste with paper-mill sludge and foundry sand (Composite 1), with digestate from municipal waste and paper ash (Composite 2), and with coal ash, foundry slag and waste incineration bottom ash (Composite 3). The results of laboratory leaching tests proved that Composites 1 and 3 are envi- ronmentally acceptable, according to the legislative limits, as the potentially hazardous substances were immobilized, while in Composite 2, the legislative limits were exceeded. In the field lysimeters, the lowest rate of leaching was determined for optimally compacted Composites 1 and 3, while for Composite 2 the leaching of Cu was high. This study proved that optimally installed Composites 1 and 3 are environmentally acceptable for use in construction as an alternative to virgin materials, for the revitalization of degraded mining sites or, along with Composite 2, for closure operations with landfills. In this way, locally available waste streams are valorised and channelized into a beneficial and sustainable recycling practice.
Keywords: waste, recycling, lysimeter, potentiali hazardous substances, immobilization, revitalisation, environmental, open access
Published in DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Views: 309; Downloads: 237
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3. Development of groundwater flow models for the integrated management of the alluvial aquifer systems of Dravsko polje and Ptujsko polje, SloveniaAda Vengust, Anja Koroša, Janko Urbanc, Nina Mali, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: With increasing exploitation of groundwater resources and implementation of various activities in their recharge areas, it is vital to conduct a comprehensive assessment of aquifers to ensure their conservation and sustainable management. In the present study, we used a comprehensive approach to conceptualise and identify the functioning of two connected aquifer systems in north-eastern Slovenia: the Quaternary porous aquifers Dravsko polje and Ptujsko polje. The study presents the conceptual models of both aquifers and their interconnectedness using separate mathematical-numerical models with the aim of ensuring an integrated management of these alluvial aquifer systems. It also highlights the importance of understanding connections between such systems for simulating groundwater flow and transport of different contaminants.
Keywords: hydrogeological model, Modflow model, aquifer geometry, aquifer recharge, modelling
Published in DiRROS: 27.03.2023; Views: 438; Downloads: 156
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4. Synoptic risk assessment of groundwater contamination from landfillsSonja Cerar, Luka Serianz, Katja Koren, Joerg Prestor, Nina Mali, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Waste management in Europe has improved in recent years, reducing the amount of waste disposed at landfills. However, there are still many landfills in the countries. It is well known that landfills that do not have measures in place to control leachate entering groundwater can contaminate groundwater long after the landfill is closed. Collecting monitoring results from all landfills allows permitting and management agencies to improve action plans. This relies on a synoptic risk assessment that allows prioritization and milestones to be set for required actions. The developed method of synoptic risk assessment is based on a conceptual model of the landfill and the results of chemical groundwater monitoring tested at 69 landfills in Slovenia. The study confirms that most landfills have a direct or indirect impact on groundwater quality. All landfills were classified into three priority classes on the basis of the synoptic risk assessment. The results show that a total of 24 landfills have a clearly pronounced impact on groundwater. A total of 31 landfills have a less pronounced impact due to the favorable natural attenuation capacity of the soil or the technically appropriate design of the landfill itself. A total of 14 landfills have a less pronounced or negligible impact on groundwater.
Keywords: conceptual model, synoptic risk assessment, landfill, groundwater, chemical analysis
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2022; Views: 552; Downloads: 291
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5. Control of organic contaminants in groundwater by passive sampling and multivariate statistical analysisAnja Koroša, Nina Mali, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Organic contaminants in groundwater are among the most challenging chemical compound contaminants today, particularly when it comes to understanding their occurrence, origin, and relations in groundwater, as well as the transport processes, fate, and environmental impacts involved. This paper presents the use of active carbon fibre (AFC) passive sampling and multivariate statistical processing of the results to predict the possible occurrence of organic compounds (OCs) in groundwater and to determine the origin of various anthropogenic activity. This study aims to deepen our knowledge on the control of OCs in groundwater by introducing a multi-analytical and multielemental holistic approach, using the Dravsko polje aquifer, the largest intergranular aquifer in Slovenia, as an example.
Keywords: compounds of concern, groundwater contaminants, organic compounds, passive sampling
Published in DiRROS: 22.06.2022; Views: 584; Downloads: 230
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6. Pesticidi v vodonosniku Krško-Brežiškega poljaNina Mali, Anja Koroša, Janko Urbanc, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Onesnaženje podzemne vode s pesticidi je splošno razširjen problem, tako v svetu kot tudi v Sloveniji. Glede na pretekle velike obremenitve podzemne vode s pesticidi, je bil namen predstavljene raziskave ugotoviti razširjenost pesticidov v podzemni vodi Krško-Brežiškega polja v obdobju 2018 - 2019 in pri tem preveriti uporabnost metode vzorčenja vode s pasivnimi vzorčevalniki. Skupno smo odvzeli 21 vzorcev podzemne vode na enajstih lokacijah in po dva vzorca v rekah Sava in Krka. V vodi smo določili 15 različnih pesticidov in njihovih razgradnih produktov. V vzorcih podzemne vode sta bila največkrat določena atrazin in njegov razgradni produkt desetilatrazin. Sledijo pesticidi desetilterbutilazin, terbutilazin, metolaklor ter simazin. V površinski vodi smo zaznali atrazin, desetilatrazin, klortoluron, metolaklor in terbutilazin. S kvalitativno metodo vzorčenja s pasivnimi vzorčevalniki smo v podzemni in površinski vodi odvzeli skupno 24 vzorcev. Izločili smo 8 pesticidov, ki se pojavljajo v dveh serijah. Pogostnost pojavljanja posameznih pesticidov je po obeh metodah primerljiva. Pasivno vzorčenje vode se je izkazalo za primerno metodo identifikacije prisotnosti pesticidov. Največje obremenitve s pesticidi na Krško-Brežiškem polju prihajajo s kmetijskih površin. Podzemna voda je bolj obremenjena s pesticidi v osrednjem delu polja v smeri toka od zahoda proti vzhodu. Atrazin in desetilatrazin sta še vedno, kljub dvajsetletni prepovedi, najpogosteje in v najvišjih koncentracijah zaznana pesticida v podzemni vodi Krško-Brežiškega polja.
Keywords: podzemna voda, vodonosnik Krško-Brežiško polje, pesticidi
Published in DiRROS: 09.03.2022; Views: 787; Downloads: 316
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7. Passive sampling with active carbon fibres in the determination of organic pollutants in groundwaterPrimož Auersperger, Anja Koroša, Nina Mali, Brigita Jamnik, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health calls for the development of analytical methods that can produce accurate and precise results at the ppt level. Passive sampling has been recognised as a helpful tool in identifying various organic pollutants in groundwater, even when their presence had not yet been identified through conventional groundwater quality monitoring. The article presents an analytical method involving a simple and cost-effective passive sampling device using Zorflex® activated carbon fibres (ACFs) for the qualitative monitoring of a broad range of organic pollutants in water in a single run. The applicability of the method developed was tested in three hydrogeological studies. In the first case, we present a non-targeted qualitative screening and a list of 892 different contaminants detected in the groundwater in Slovenia. In the second case, we discuss the presence and origin of organic compounds in the groundwater from a pilot area of the urban aquifer, Ljubljansko polje. The third case presents a comparison of results between passive and grab sampling. Passive sampling with ACFs confirmed the presence of a pollutant, even when it had not been previously detected through a quantitative method.
Keywords: GC-MS, organic pollutants, qualitative analysis, passive sampling, groundwater
Published in DiRROS: 03.03.2022; Views: 686; Downloads: 290
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