1. Radiological characterization of alkali-activated material doped with Sm[sub]2O[sub]3 and its polymerization productsSanja Knežević, Marija M. Ivanović, Snežana S. Nenadović, Milica Rajačić, Marijan Nečemer, Jelena Potočnik, Miloš Nenadović, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The aim of this study was determination of radiological characterization of alkali-activated material with Sm2O3 and its polymerization products. Alkali-activated materials with 1 wt.% and 5 wt.% addition of Sm2O3 were synthesized and their natural radioactivity was determined. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence showed changes in the phase composition, or the formation of stable compounds, at higher temperatures. All samples demonstrated good pozzolanic activity, while the percentage of Sm2O3 was slightly changed. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the obtained material has a very low carbon content making it environmentally friendly, due to its low carbon content. A detailed analysis of the oxygen peak indicates variations in the stoichiometry of the oxides, which may affect the changes of natural radioactivity. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that with the increase in the temperature of the thermal treatment, the opening of the pores in the alkali-activated material occurs, as well as further propagation of reaction that increased porosity and crystallization. Radiological measurement confirmed that examined alkali-activated material is safe for usage and exploitation. It should be emphasized that the presence of artificial radionuclide cesium 137Cs was not detected.
Keywords: alkali-activated material, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, samarium oxide
Published in DiRROS: 15.01.2026; Views: 137; Downloads: 78
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2. Manual for use of Al-containing residues in low-carbon mineral bindersSabina Dolenec, Katja Malovrh Rebec, Anja Lešek, Katarina Šter, Lea Žibret, Gorazd Žibret, Klemen Teran, Emil Pučko, Ildikó Merta, Bojan Poletanovic, Elena Yaneva, Peter Kesserű, Ildikó Kovács, Bence Kószó, Alexandra Németh, Richard Laucournet, Mustafa Hadžalić, Emilija Fidanchevski, Biljana Angjusheva, Vojo Jovanov, Miloš Nenadović, Snežana B. Nenadović, Ivana Vukanac, Liljana Kraljević, Mojca Loncnar, Andrej Ipavec, 2020, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Abstract: Današnje družbe si ni več mogoče predstavljati brez sodobne infrastrukture, ki temelji na uporabi različnih materialov ter zahteva veliko porabo energije. Vzporedno s proizvodnjo materialov, nastajajo ogromne količine različnih industrijskih in rudarskih ostankov (odpadki/stranski proizvodi), ki jih trenutno ne izkoriščamo, sama odlagališča pa so premalo raziskana. Cilj Evropske unije (EU) je povečati učinkovito rabo virov in ponudbo sekundarnih surovin z recikliranjem, popisom odpadkov iz rudarskih in drugih industrijskih dejavnosti ter njihova ponovna uporaba. Veliko industrijskih in rudarskih odpadkov je obogatenih z aluminijem (Al), zato lahko nadomeščajo naravne vire Al v mineralnih veznih, vendar njihova uporaba zahteva obsežno poznavanje njihovih kemijskih, mineraloških, radioloških in fizikalnih lastnosti. Priročnik, ki so ga pripravili partnerji projekta RIS-ALiCE obravnava zakonodajne vidike, ki urejajo uporabo sekundarnih surovin v gradbenih proizvodih, opis najpogostejših industrijskih in rudarskih ostankov, ki vsebujejo Al (nahajališča boksitov, rdeče blato, jeklarske žlindre, pepeli iz različnih industrij, itd.), potencial njihove ponovne uporabe in njihov ekonomski vidik, potencialne zahteve/ovire za uporabo sekundarnih surovin v cementni industriji in opis belitno-sulfoaluminatnih cementov, ki so obetavna rešitev za izvajanje krožnega gospodarstva z uporabo velikih količin odloženih industrijskih in rudarskih odpadkov, bogatih z Al.
Keywords: gradbeni proizvodi, ponovna uporaba, ekonomski vidik, industrija cementa, krožno gospodarstvo, industrijski odpadki, zakonodaja, elektronske knjige
Published in DiRROS: 22.01.2024; Views: 1347; Downloads: 770
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3. Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industryLjiljana Kljajević, Miljana Mirković, Sabina Dolenec, Katarina Šter, Mustafa Hadžalić, Ivana Vukanac, Miloš Nenadović, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milići, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials.
Keywords: red mud, inorganic binder, DRIFT, natural radioactivity, gamma index, building industry
Published in DiRROS: 12.05.2023; Views: 1472; Downloads: 697
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4. Potential usage of hybrid polymers binders based on fly ash with the addition of PVA with satisfying mechanical and radiological propertiesMiljana Mirković, Ljiljana Kljajević, Sabina Dolenec, Miloš Nenadović, Vladimir Pavlović, Milica Rajačić, Snežana B. Nenadović, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Since recycled technologies usage is mandatory for environmental safety, and in this regard, it is important to examine new materials that can be used in construction and are primarily produced from fly ash. In addition to characteristics such as hardness and compressive strength, the given materials must also be radiologically and environmentally safe. The main concept of engineered geopolymer gel composites based on fly ash residues is focused on developing binder materials via gel formation processes that can replace ordinary cement materials. This study is unique in researching the potential use of fly ash from the Nikola Tesla thermal power plant in Serbia, where the hybrid geopolymeric materials synthesized from fly ash are experimentally examined with the addition 1 wt% and 2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper aims to investigate the structural, morphological, mechanical, and radiological properties of hybrid materials with the addition of PVA and without additive in the period of ageing for 28 days at room temperature. The phase composition was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, while morphological characteristics of these materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). Vibrational spectra of obtained samples are investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The hardness and compressive strength are also examined, indicating that the 1 wt% addition in geopolymeric matrix results in the best mechanical properties. Radiological measurements of investigated all geopolymer samples show decreasing activity concentrations of radionuclides for 50% compared to fly ash.
Keywords: geopolymer gel, inorganic binders, hybrid materials, fly ash, radiological properties, strength, open access
Published in DiRROS: 12.05.2023; Views: 1499; Downloads: 862
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