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Query: "author" (Michael P. O'Connell) .

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11.
Effect of surface machining on the environmentally-assisted cracking of Alloy 182 and 316L stainless steel in light water reactor environments : results of the collaborative project MEACTOS
Mariia Zimina, Stefan Ritter, Bojan Zajec, Marc Vankeerberghen, Liberato Volpe, Anna Hojna, Rik-Wouter Bosch, Fabio Scenini, Zaiqing Que, Alberto Sáez-Maderuelo, P. Jill Meadows, Michael Grimm, Matthias Herbst, Andraž Legat, Agostino Maurotto, Radek Novotny, Karl-Heinz Seifert, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: The main objective of the EU-funded project mitigating environmentally-assisted cracking through optimisation of surface condition (MEACTOS) was to gain knowledge on the ability of different surface machining procedures to mitigate environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) in typical light water reactor structural materials and environments. Surfaces of cold-worked (CW) type 316L austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based weld metal Alloy 182 flat tapered tensile specimens were machined using different processes. EAC initiation susceptibility of these specimens was evaluated using constant extension rate tensile (CERT) tests under simulated boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) conditions and assessed using constant load experiments. More than a hundred tests were performed covering about 10 years of autoclave testing time. Only minor or no measurable improvements in EAC initiation susceptibility as a function of surface treatments (grinding or advanced machining) compared to the standard industrial face milling were demonstrated. In most cases, the stress thresholds for EAC initiation determined in constant load tests confirmed the trend obtained from CERT tests. This paper summarises the most important results and conclusions concerning the EAC initiation behaviour for the CW 316L and Alloy 182 under reducing PWR and oxidizing BWR conditions.
Keywords: crack initiation, environmentally-assisted cracking, Alloy 182, AISI 304 stainless steel, surface treatment, light water reactor, open access
Published in DiRROS: 30.05.2023; Views: 299; Downloads: 165
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Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali-activated materials
Shishir Mundra, Gabriel Samson, Giulia Masi, Rebecca Achenbach, David M. Bastidas, Susana Bernal, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Maria Criado, Martin Cyr, Nina Gartner, Stefanie von Greve‐Dierfeld, Andraž Legat, Nikoonasab Ali, John L. Provis, Michael Raupach, Gregor J. G. Gluth, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Alkali‐activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11‐Task Force ‘Corrosion of steel in alkali‐activated materials’ demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag‐based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic study of the influence of the steel–concrete interface on the susceptibility of steel to corrosion in AAMs is available. Less common electrochemical methods present an opportunity for future progress in the field.
Keywords: alkali-aktivated materials, alkali‐activated materials, anodic/cathodic polarisation, concrete, linear polarisation resistance, open circuit potential, reinforcement corrosion, resistivity
Published in DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Views: 266; Downloads: 109
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15.
Mode I fracture of beech-adhesive bondline at three different temperatures
Jaka Gašper Pečnik, Andreja Pondelak, Michael David Burnard, Václav Sebera, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Single edge-notched three-point bending tests (SEN-TPB) for mode I were utilized to experimentallyevaluate fracture properties of adhesive bondlines in European beech (Fagus SylvaticaL.). Thebondline was examined at two anatomical planes with TR and RT orientation and at control andtwo elevated temperatures (70°C and 140°C). Among epoxy (EPI), melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF), and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives, the highest average critical energyGcwith 0.80 N/mmand fracture energyGfwith 1079.4 N/mm were obtained for EPI in the TR plane and understandard climate conditions (20°C/65% relative humidity), followed by MUF (Gc= 0.50 N/mm andGf= 620 N/mm) and PUR (Gc= 0.25 N/mm andGf= 290.9 N/mm), respectively. PUR was leasteffected by elevated temperature, and no significant differences forGcandGfbetween TR and RTbondline orientations were found for MUF and PUR treated at 20°C/65% relative humidity whilecomparisons between other factors varied significantly. Treatment of specimens at elevatedtemperatures resulted in reduced fracture performance regardless of wood grain orientation orthe adhesive system.
Keywords: crack, fracture, grain orientation, temperature, European Beech, odprti dostop
Published in DiRROS: 03.05.2023; Views: 412; Downloads: 331
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Citizen science and monitoring forest pests : a beneficial alliance?
Maarten De Groot, Michael J.O. Pocock, Jochem Bonte, Pilar Fernandez-Conradi, Elena Valdés-Correcher, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Purpose of the Review One of the major threats to tree health, and hence the resilience of forests and their provision of ecosystem services, is new and emerging pests. Therefore, forest health monitoring is of major importance to detect invasive, emerging and native pest outbreaks. This is usually done by foresters and forest health experts, but can also be complemented by citizen scientists. Here, we review the use of citizen science for detection and monitoring, as well as for hypothesis-driven research and evaluation of control measures as part of forest pest surveillance and research. We then examine its limitations and opportunities and make recommendations on the use of citizen science for forest pest monitoring. Recent Findings The main opportunities of citizen scientists for forest health are early warning, early detection of new pests, monitoring of impact of outbreaks and scientific research. Each domain has its own limitations, opportunities and recommendations to follow, as well as their own public engagement strategies. The development of new technologies provides many opportunities to involve citizen scientists in forest pest monitoring. To enhance the benefits of citizen scientists’ inclusion in monitoring, it is important that they are involved in the cocreation of activities. Summary Future monitoring and research may benefit from tailor-made citizen science projects to facilitate successful monitoring by citizen scientists and expand their practice to countries where the forest health sector is less developed. In this sense, citizen scientists can help understand and detect outbreaks of new pests and avoid problems in the future.
Keywords: forest health, community science, forest management, awareness raising, forest protection
Published in DiRROS: 28.11.2022; Views: 451; Downloads: 213
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Where to search: the use of opportunistic data for the detection of an invasive forest pest
Maarten De Groot, Nikica Ogris, Mark van der Meij, Michael J.O. Pocock, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Early detection is important for the management of invasive alien species. In the last decade citizen science has become an important source of such data. Here, we used opportunistic records from the “LIFE ARTEMIS” citizen science project, in which people submitted records from places where they observed tree pests, to understand the distribution of a rapidly-spreading forest pest: the oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in Slovenia. These citizen science records were not distributed randomly. We constructed a species distribution model for C. arcuata that accounted for the biased distribution of citizen science by using the records of other tree pests and diseases from the same project as pseudo-absences (so-called constrained pseudo-absences), and compared this to a model with pseudo-absences selected randomly from across Slovenia. We found that the constrained pseudo-absence model showed that C. arcuata was more likely to be found in east, in places with more oak trees and at lower elevations, and also closer to highways and railways, indicating introduction and dispersal by accidental human transport. The outputs from the model with random pseudo-absences were broadly similar, although estimates from this model tended to be higher and less precise, and some factors that were significant (proximity to minor roads and human settlements) were artefacts of recorder bias, showing the importance of taking the distribution of recording into account wherever possible. The finding that C. arcuata is more likely to be found near highways allows us to design advice for where future citizen science should be directed for efficient early detection.
Keywords: Oak lace bug, ecological modelling, citizen science, invasive alien species, early detection, Corythucha arcuata
Published in DiRROS: 08.09.2022; Views: 469; Downloads: 233
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Real-world experience with capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (RECAP) : a retrospective analysis from an early access program
Oliver Illini, Hannah Fabikan, Aurélie Swalduz, Anders Vikström, Dagmar Krenbek, Michael Schumacher, Elizabeth Dudnik, Michael Studnicka, Ronny Öhman, Robert Wurm, Tanja Čufer, Katja Mohorčič, Maximilian J Hochmair, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Background: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting with mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping mutation have an unfavorable prognosis with standard treatments. Capmatinib is a selective MET inhibitor, which showed promising efficacy in this patient population in early trials. Methods: We performed a retrospective, international, multicenter efficacy and safety analysis in patients with NSCLC treated with capmatinib in an early access program between March 2019 and December 2021. Results: Data from 81 patients with advanced MET exon 14 mutated NSCLC treated with capmatinib in first- or later-line therapy were analyzed. Median age was 77years (range, 48–91), 56% were women, 86% had stage IV disease, and 27% had brain metastases. For all patients, the objective response rate (ORR) to capmatinib was 58% (95% CI, 47–69), whereas it was 68% (95% CI, 50–82) in treatment-naïve and 50% (95% CI, 35–65) in pretreated patients. The median progression-free survival was 9.5months (95% CI, 4.7–14.3), whereas it was 10.6months (95% CI, 5.5–15.7) in first-line and 9.1months (95% CI, 3.1–15.1) in pretreated patients. After a median follow-up of 11.0months, the median overall survival was 18.2 months (95% CI, 13.2–23.1). In patients with measurable brain metastases (n=11), the intracranial ORR was 46% (95% CI, 17–77). Capmatinib showed a manageable safety profile. Grade⩾3 treatment-related adverse events included peripheral edema (13%), elevated creatinine (4%), and elevated liver enzymes (3%). Conclusion: In patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutation, capmatinib showed durable systemic and intracranial efficacy and a manageable safety profile. This analysis confirms previously reported phase II data in a real-world setting.
Keywords: non-small cell lung carcinoma -- drug therapy -- genetics, molecular targeted therapy, real-world data, capmatinib, targeted therapy
Published in DiRROS: 24.06.2022; Views: 704; Downloads: 541
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20.
Attic dust: an archive of historical air contamination of the urban environment and potential hazard to health?
Martin Gaberšek, Michael J. Watts, Mateja Gosar, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: A comprehensive study of attic dust in an urban area is presented. Its entire life cycle, from determining historical emission sources to recognising the processes that take place in attic dust and its potential to impact human health is discussed. Its chemical composition and morphological characteristics of individual solid particles reflect past anthropogenic activities. High levels of Be-Cd-Cu-Sb-Sn-Pb-Te-Zn and occurrence of Cu-Zn shavings are typical for an industrial zone characterised by a foundry and a battery factory. High levels of Co-Fe-Mo-Ni-W-Ba-Cr-Mg-Mn-Nb-Ti and occurrence of various solid Fe-oxides, particularly spherical particles, were identified in another industrial zone, which was dominated by the automotive and metal-processing industries. Emissions from coal combustion affected the distribution of S-Se-Hg-Tl-As-Ag-U. The predominant mineral in attic dust is gypsum, which was presumably formed in situ by the reaction of carbonate dust particles and atmospheric SO2 gas. The high oral bioaccessibility of As-Cd-Cu-Pb-Zn in the gastric phase and high bioaccessibility of As-Cu-Cd-Ni in the gastrointestinal phase were identified. Determined characteristics of attic dust and identified possibilities of prolonged human exposure to it indicate that attic dust should be treated as an excellent proxy for historical air contamination as well as a potentially hazardous material for human health.
Keywords: multi-element composition, scanning electron microscopy, oral bioaccessibility, unified BARGE method, urban geochemistry
Published in DiRROS: 23.06.2022; Views: 537; Downloads: 210
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