1. Effects of mindfulness-based therapy on clinical symptoms and DNA methylation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and high metabolic riskHana Dema, Alja Videtič Paska, Katarina Kouter, Mojca Katrašnik, Mojca Jensterle Sever, Andrej Janež, Aleš Oblak, Borut Škodlar, Jurij Bon, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Research has shown that epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation may play a role in the development and progression of abnormal ovarian function and metabolic disorders in PCOS. Studies have identified specific genes (related with insulin signaling and steroid hormone metabolism) that are methylated in women with PCOS. DNA methylation appears to respond to various interventions aimed at altering health and lifestyle factors. We tested the efficacy of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) in PCOS patients. We examined its effects on anthropometric measurements, mental health and wellbeing, and alterations in DNA methylation in peripheral blood. MBSR was associated with a reduction in body mass index, waist circumference and blood glucose level, an improvement in subjectively perceived general health, emotional role limitation, and levels of pain, as well as mindfulness-like traits. MBSR reduced the expression of anxious symptomatology and subjectively perceived stress. Methylation changes were observed in four genes: COMT, FST, FKBP51, and MAOA. We conclude that MBSR may be a useful supplementary therapy to mitigate the deleterious effects of PCOS on mental health.
Keywords: mindfulness-based stress reduction program, polycystic ovary syndrome, DNA methylation
Published in DiRROS: 27.08.2026; Views: 117; Downloads: 68
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2. A comparison of treatment effect sizes in matched phase 2 and phase 3 trials of advanced therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease : systematic review and meta-analysisJurij Hanžel, Virginia Solitano, Lily Zou, G Y Zou, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, Siddharth Singh, Christopher Ma, Pauline Wils, Vipul Jairath, 2023, original scientific article Keywords: comparison, treatment, disease
Published in DiRROS: 27.08.2026; Views: 111; Downloads: 60
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3. Akutni levostranski divertikulitis debelega črevesaKatarina Kunčič, Jurij Janež, 2025, review article Abstract: Akutni levostranski divertikulitis debelega črevesa je posledica lokalnega vnetja divertiklov, ki se razvijejo predvsem v sigmi. Incidenca divertikuloze in posledično divertikulitisa v razvitem svetu narašča zaradi nezdravih prehranskih navad, sedečega načina življenja, kajenja in staranja prebivalstva. Divertikulitis s klasifikacijo po Hincheyju ločimo na nezapleteno (stopnja 0) in zapleteno bolezen (stopnje od I do IV). Diagnoza temelji na klinični sliki (bolečina v levem spodnjem kvadrantu trebuha, bruhanje), laboratorijskih kazalcih (povišana C-reaktivna beljakovina) in slikovni diagnostiki (UZ in/ali CT trebuha). Zdravljenje je večinoma izkustveno z antibiotiki, pri nezapleteni bolezni lahko samo podporno z zadostnim vnosom tekočin v domači oskrbi. V primeru abscesa je možna tudi UZ- ali CT-vodena perkutana drenaža skupaj z antibiotiki. Kirurško zdravljenje divertikulitisa s peritonitisom zajema več metod – predvsem Hartmannovo operacijo in resekcijo prizadetega odseka z anastomozo, v primeru sepse tudi operacije omejevanja škode. Uporablja se odprte kot tudi laparoskopske pristope. Umrljivost po veliko pogostejšem, nezapletenem divertikulitisu ni večja, pri zapleteni bolezni pa je dvakrat večja v primerjavi s splošno populacijo. Mogoče so kasnejše ponovitve bolezni, ki pa so večinoma nezapletene, zato trenutne smernice odsvetujejo načrtovanje izbirne sigmoidektomije pri vsakem bolniku ob ponovitvi bolezni.
Keywords: akutni divertikulitis, Hartmannova operacija, resekcija s primarno anastomozo, operacija omejevanja škode
Published in DiRROS: 24.08.2026; Views: 127; Downloads: 59
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4. Need for guidance : a multidisciplinary survey on surgical emergencies in peritoneal surface malignanciesPaola Fugazzola, Niccolò Allievi, Andrea Celotti, Enrico Cicuttin, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Andrea Dagnoni, Francesca Dal Mas, Simone Frassini, Ahmed Ghaly, Stefano Magnone, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: Advances in systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, and intraperitoneal treatment have improved long-term outcomes in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), yet acute complications such as obstruction, perforation, and strangulation remain poorly standardized in their surgical management. This study investigated current clinical attitudes and decision-making strategies in PC emergencies. Materials and methods: A 76-item web-based survey was sent out via the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the Italian Society of Surgical Oncologists (SICO) from October 2023 to January 2024. Questions addressed diagnostic approaches, surgical indications, treatment strategies, and referral pathways. Respondents were stratified by specialty (Emergency vs. Oncologic Surgery) and institutional experience with peritoneal procedures (>30 cases). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Mann–Whitney U test for subgroup comparisons. Results: Six hundred twenty-two surgeons completed the survey. A strong consensus emerged on the significant impact of emergencies on long-term outcomes and the need for international guidelines. However, 75% of survey items exhibited standard deviation (SD) > 0.84, and 58% showed SD > 1.0, indicating substantial heterogeneity. Peritoneal surgery specialists were more likely to support active surgical management, post-operative intensive care unit (ICU) admission, early nutritional assessment, and referral to high-volume centres (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: This international survey reveals marked variability in the emergency surgical management of PC and underscores the urgent need for standardized, evidence-based recommendations. These findings will inform a consensus effort by WSES, the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI), and SICO to harmonize care and improve outcomes in peritoneal carcinomatosis emergencies.
Keywords: peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal metastasis, malignant bowel obstruction, emergency surgery, clinical decision-making, survey research, practice variability
Published in DiRROS: 20.08.2026; Views: 172; Downloads: 113
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5. Preoperative interatrial block is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgeryŠpela Leiler, André Bauer, Wolfgang Hitzl, Rok Bernik, Valentin Guenzler, Matthias Angerer, Theodor Fischlein, Jurij-Matija Kališnik, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Objectives: Atrial fibrillation is a common complication after heart surgery, potentially leading to chronic atrial fibrillation, heart failure and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between preoperative interatrial block and the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Methods: Perioperative 12-channel electrocardiographies of patients in sinus rhythm scheduled for heart surgery, including bypass and/or valve surgery, were analysed. Patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation, amiodarone therapy, atrioventricular block II or III, or pacemaker were excluded from the study. Clinical parameters in patients with versus without atrial fibrillation were compared. To evaluate the association between interatrial block and postoperative atrial fibrillation, univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed. Results: Out of 2374 patients, 1350 were amenable to analysis. Postoperative atrial fibrillation was documented in 505 (37.4%) patients. In multivariable regression analysis, prediction models with and without interatrial block were established. Step-wise regression analysis identified interatrial block [2.64 (2.02; 3.46), P < 0.001), age [1.11 (1.03; 1.20), P = 0.007], EuroScore II [1.05 (1.03; 1.07), P < 0.001], pulmonary hypertension [1.91 (1.24; 2.97), P = 0.006], history of cardiogenic shock [2.05 (1.11; 3.87), P = 0.032], statins [1.66 (1.21; 2.27), P = 0.002], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [2.11 (1.25; 3.65), P = 0.009] and cardiopulmonary bypass time [1.78 (1.04; 3.05), P = 0.047] as independent predictors for postoperative atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: Preoperative interatrial block was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Inclusion of electrocardiography-derived preoperative conduction disturbances can enhance risk stratification of postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart surgery.
Keywords: arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, heart surgery, interatrial block
Published in DiRROS: 19.08.2026; Views: 152; Downloads: 142
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6. Detecting subtle cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease and normal cognition : a novel cognitive control challenge task (C3T)Karmen Resnik Robida, Vida Ana Politakis, Aleš Oblak, Anka Slana Ozimič, Helena Burger, Zvezdan Pirtošek, Jurij Bon, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often show early deficits in cognitive control, with primary difficulties in flexibility and relatively intact stable representations. The aim of our study was to assess executive function using an ecologically valid approach that combines measures of stability and flexibility. Fourteen patients without cognitive deficits and sixteen comparable control subjects completed a standardized neuropsychological test battery and a newly developed cognitive control challenge task (C3T). We found that the accuracy of C3T performance decreased with age in healthy participants and remained impaired in PD patients regardless of age. In addition, PD patients showed significantly lower overall performance for cognitive control tasks than healthy controls, even when they scored in the normal range on standardized neuropsychological tests. PD Patients responded significantly faster than healthy control subjects regarding flexible cognitive control tasks due to their impulsivity. Correlations showed that the C3T task targets multiple cognitive systems, including working memory, inhibition, and task switching, providing a reliable measure of complex cognitive control. C3T could be a valuable tool for characterizing cognitive deficits associated with PD and appears to be a more sensitive measure than standardized neuropsychological tests. A different assessment approach could potentially detect early signs of the disease and identify opportunities for early intervention with neuroprotective therapies.
Keywords: stable cognitive control, flexible cognitive control, cognitive control challenge task, Parkinson’s disease, task switching
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2026; Views: 185; Downloads: 114
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7. Razvoj programske opreme za digitalno analizo histopatoloških vzorcev uvealnega melanomaMaruša Jerše, Ana Rebeka Kamšek, Danica Stojanović, Ema Ahačič, Jurij Nastran, Matija Milanič, Jože Pižem, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: IZHODIŠČA. Uvealni melanom je rak, ki se razvije iz melanocitov srednje očesne ovojnice. Diagnozo uvealnega melanoma postavimo na podlagi kliničnega pregleda in UZ-preiskave očesa ter jo potrdimo s histopatološko preiskavo. Z razvojem tehnologije se odpirajo nove možnosti za delo s histopatološkimi preparati. Naša hipoteza je bila, da lahko napišemo program, ki bo samodejno dovolj natančno določil tipe tkiv na sliki, in da ta program lahko vključimo v programsko opremo za delo s slikami preparatov. METODE. Proučevani vzorec je vseboval 16 slik preparatov uvealnega melanoma, ki smo jih naložili na strežnik odprtega mikroskopskega okolja (angl. Open Microscopy Environment, OMERO). V okolju OMERO smo na slikah ročno označili posamezna tkiva in napisali model za prepoznavo tkiv, ki deluje po principu metod strojnega učenja. Na podlagi slik z ročno označenimi tkivi model pripravi lastne kriterije za razvrščanje tkiv. REZULTATI. Naš rezultat je postavitev programskega okolja za delo z digitaliziranimi slikami preparatov ter model, ki s 85-% točnostjo razvrsti različna tkiva na slikah preparatov. RAZPRAVA. Odpirajo se nove možnosti prikaza slik preparatov, avtomatskega označevanja slik, postavljanje najverjetnejše diagnoze in opredeljevanje napovednih dejavnikov, kar bi lahko nadalje olajšalo delo patologov in izboljšalo zdravljenje bolnikov.
Keywords: uvealni melanom, digitalna patologija, programska oprema, digitalizacija, strojno učenje
Published in DiRROS: 03.08.2026; Views: 240; Downloads: 93
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8. Stoma-free survival after rectal cancer resection with anastomotic leakage : development and validation of a prediction model in a large international cohortNynke G. Greijdanus, Kiedo Wienholts, Sander Ubels, Kevin Talboom, Gerjon Hannink, Albert Wolthuis, Francisco B de Lacy, Jérémie H Lefevre, Michael Solomon, Matteo Frasson, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Objective: To develop and validate a prediction model (STOMA score) for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with rectal cancer (RC) with anastomotic leakage (AL). Background: AL after RC resection often results in a permanent stoma. Methods: This international retrospective cohort study (TENTACLE-Rectum) encompassed 216 participating centres and included patients who developed AL after RC surgery between 2014 and 2018. Clinically relevant predictors for 1-year stoma-free survival were included in uni and multivariable logistic regression models. The STOMA score was developed and internally validated in a cohort of patients operated between 2014 and 2017, with subsequent temporal validation in a 2018 cohort. The discriminative power and calibration of the models' performance were evaluated. Results: This study included 2499 patients with AL, 1954 in the development cohort and 545 in the validation cohort. Baseline characteristics were comparable. One-year stoma-free survival was 45.0% in the development cohort and 43.7% in the validation cohort. The following predictors were included in the STOMA score: sex, age, American Society of Anestesiologist classification, body mass index, clinical M-disease, neoadjuvant therapy, abdominal and transanal approach, primary defunctioning stoma, multivisceral resection, clinical setting in which AL was diagnosed, postoperative day of AL diagnosis, abdominal contamination, anastomotic defect circumference, bowel wall ischemia, anastomotic fistula, retraction, and reactivation leakage. The STOMA score showed good discrimination and calibration (c-index: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76). Conclusions: The STOMA score consists of 18 clinically relevant factors and estimates the individual risk for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with AL after RC surgery, which may improve patient counseling and give guidance when analyzing the efficacy of different treatment strategies in future studies.
Keywords: anastomotic leakage, rectal cancer, rectal cancer resection, stoma-free survival permanent
Published in DiRROS: 03.08.2026; Views: 189; Downloads: 111
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9. External validation of population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin in paediatric 5 population from preterm newborns to adolescentsMateja Črček, Iztok Grabnar, Jurij Zdovc, Štefan Grosek, Mojca Kerec Kos, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The aim of this study was to externally validate the predictive performance of published population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin in all paediatric age groups, from preterm newborns to adolescents. We first selected published population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin developed in the paediatric population with a wide age range. The parameters of the literature models were then re-estimated using the PRIOR subroutine in NONMEM. The predictive ability of the literature and the tweaked models was evaluated. Retrospectively collected data from a routine clinical practice (512 concentrations from 308 patients) were used for validation. The models with covariates characterising developmental changes in clearance and volume of distribution had better predictive performance, which improved further after re-estimation. The tweaked model by Wang 2019 performed best, with suitable accuracy and precision across the complete paediatric population. For patients treated in the intensive care unit, a lower proportion of patients would be expected to reach the target trough concentration at standard dosing. The selected model could be used for model-informed precision dosing in clinical settings where the entire paediatric population is treated. However, for use in clinical practice, the next step should include additional analysis of the impact of intensive care treatment on gentamicin pharmacokinetics, followed by prospective validation.
Keywords: gentamicin, population pharmacokinetics, NONMEM, NON-linear mixed effects modeling, priors, paediatrics, intensive care
Published in DiRROS: 03.08.2026; Views: 166; Downloads: 108
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10. Burren, na apnencu je vse drugače : irski glaciokras, že od prazgodovine privlačen za človeka, umetnina in učilnica naraveJurij Kunaver, 2026, popular article Abstract: Članek predstavi ključne značilnosti kraške pokrajine Burren. Gre za enega najboljših primerov rahlo dvignjenega, ledeniško preoblikovanega apneniškega območja, ki zaradi obrušenega površja in postglacialno nastalih kraških pojavov spominja na visokogorski ledeniški kras. Kraške mize dokazujejo postglacialno korozijsko zniževanje površja, spremljajo pa jih škavnice in večji, starejši kraški pojavi. Burren izstopa po veliki geo- in biodiverziteti, turistični privlačnosti in pomembni vlogi v najzgodnejšem naseljevanju Irske.
Keywords: Irska, Burren, karbonski apnenec, glaciokras, ledeniška obrušenost, kraška miza, lašt, škavnica, geomorfologija
Published in DiRROS: 20.07.2026; Views: 252; Downloads: 161
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