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Abstract: Background: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) remains a major cause of morbidity after lung cancer surgery. The role of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP), particularly the choice of antibiotics and their adjustment to bronchial colonization, is still debated. Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, comparative study including 200 patients with primary lung malignancy undergoing lung resection. Patients received either cefazolin or amoxicillin–clavulanic acid as PAP. Preoperative bronchial colonization was assessed before surgery. The primary outcomes were the incidence of POP according to the antibiotic regimen and colonization status. Results: The cohort comprised 200 patients (median age 68 years, range 44–83; 48.5% women). POP occurred in 47 patients (23.5%). Of these, 23 (21.5%) had received cefazolin and 24 (25.8%) amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, with no significant difference between regimens. Colonization was detected in 178 patients (89.0%), including 36 (20.2%) with potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs). POP incidence was similar in non-colonized (22.7%), colonized (23.6%), and PPM-colonized patients (25.0%) (all P ≥ 0.51). Only one patient (0.5%) died within 30 days, unrelated to pneumonia. Conclusions: In this prospective comparative study, POP after lung cancer surgery did not significantly differ according to the prophylactic antibiotic regimen or colonization status. However, given the relatively small number of patients with PPM colonization and the single-center design, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Standard perioperative prophylaxis with cefazolin appears appropriate, while routine preoperative colonization screening may not be necessary. Further studies are needed to better define risk-adapted preventive strategies.
Keywords: postoperative complications, bronchial colonization, cefazolin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Published in DiRROS: 19.08.2026; Views: 175; Downloads: 101
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Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined by the presence of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia. However, it also involves less well-understood cognitive deficits, including impairments in time processing: the ability to perceive, estimate, and produce time intervals accurately. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on time processing in PD, with an emphasis on the different tasks used to study it, as well as on the cognitive processes and neurophysiological mechanisms contributing to time processing deficits in PD. Findings: show that temporal processing deficits in PD span both motor and cognitive/perceptual domains. While dopamine replacement therapy can improve motor timing, its effects on cognitively controlled tasks—particularly those requiring attention and longer intervals—are limited. These deficits reflect dysfunction across basal ganglia, prefrontal, cerebellar, and other brain circuits, and may involve additional neurotransmitter systems such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and noradrenalin. The variety of experimental tasks used to study timing reveals the need for more precise assessments that clearly separate motor and cognitive components. Furthermore, different cognitive processes, such as explicit, implicit, sub-second, and supra-second timing as well as attention and working memory, are involved in time processing in PD. Temporal dysfunction in PD is multidimensional, resulting from a complex system of interacting neural processes. A more complete understanding of time processing in PD is needed, focusing on exploration of the non-dopaminergic aspects of time processing, and improving the design of timing tasks to better identify specific deficits and treatment targets.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, time processing, dopamine basal ganglia, cognitive impairment, bradyphrenia, working memory, bradykinesia
Published in DiRROS: 05.05.2026; Views: 383; Downloads: 451
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Keywords: machine learning, eye-tracking, smooth pursuit, non-invasive biomarker, cognitive impairment, early detection of cognitive decline, detection of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease
Published in DiRROS: 09.04.2026; Views: 343; Downloads: 261
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Abstract: Background: Depression often co-occurs with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is effectively treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), but their effect on motor symptoms has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Objective: To assess the impact of the SSRI/SNRI on the motor symptoms of PD. Methods: We used data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative database, in a matched subject design with a target group (N =47) which had been taking SSRI/SNRI medication and a control group (N =90) which had not. Matching criteria included Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) total score and its subscales’ scores, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) at the time of the first examination (initial LEDD). For the target group, we compared the MDS-UPDRS-III score before and after taking the SSRI/SNRI medication, while for the control group we compared two equally spaced examinations. Results: In the target group, we found a greater worsening of motor scores, which was associated with lower values of initial LEDD. In addition, apathy was an independent predictor of motor worsening. Conclusions: SSRI/SNRI-use seems to be characterized by a steeper worsening of motor symptoms, which can be predicted by a lower initial LEDD. Further research should continue to investigate the effect of SSRI/SNRI-use on motor symptoms in PD.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, depression
Published in DiRROS: 28.11.2025; Views: 1160; Downloads: 468
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Keywords: biobank, biomarker, glioblastoma, tumour models, oncology
Published in DiRROS: 28.01.2025; Views: 1272; Downloads: 973
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