20.500.12556/DiRROS-8193 Mesto imunoterapije pri zdravljenju raka Role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment Začetni poskusi zdravljena z imunoterapijo segajo v leto 1893.Skoraj stoletje kasneje pa so bila odobrena prva zdravila, ki jih štejemo med imunoterapijo, kot sta interferon in interlevkin. Vlogo imunskega sistema pri raku znanstveniki v zadnjih letih razlagajo s pomočjo protitumorskega imunskega cikla. V prvem koraku tega cikla pride do sproščanja tumorskih antigenov (neoantigenov), ki jih antigen predstavitvene celice spoznajo in ujamejo. V drugem koraku jih v bezgavkah predstavijo celicam T. Za aktivacijo in determinacijo celic T v smeri citotoksičnih T-celic je potreben še dodaten stimulatorni signal. Morebitni inhibitorni signali pa aktivacijo celic T zavirajo oz. preprečujejo čezmerno aktivacijo in avtoimunost. Aktivirane celice T po krvi potujejo v tumor. Tumorsko celico prepoznajo prek T-celičnega receptorja. S tem preide do uničenja tumorske celice. V sami tumorski stromi pa so lahko različni inhibitorni signali, ki delovanje citotoksičnih celic T onemogočijo. V prispevku so predstavljeni možni načini vplivanja na protitumorski imunski cikel in trenutno registrirana zdravila s področja imunoterapije. The immunotherapy era began in 1893. Nearly a hundred years later, the first immunotherapy drugs were approved, for instance interferon and interleukin. The role of the immune system in cancer is best represented by the cancer-immunity cycle. In the first step of the cycle, tumor neo-antigens are released and, subsequently, captured by the antigen-presenting cells. In the second step, neo-antigens are presented to the T-cells in the lymph nodes. But additional co-stimulatory signals are needed for the priming and the activation of T cells. At that level, the potential inhibitory signals inhibit or prevent the hyperactivation of T cells and autoimmunity. The activated T cells migrate through circulation into the tumor tissue. A tumor cell is detected by a T-cell receptor. The result of this process is the so-called T-cell killing. A tumor stroma, however, can present different inhibitory signals that inhibit the function of cytotoxic T cells. The article presents the different ways of influencing the cancer-immunity cycle and the readily-approved immunotherapy drugs. imunoterapija protitumorski imunski cikel stimulatorni signali true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik by Authors Neznano 2018-03-16 11:18:13 2018-03-16 11:18:13 2022-08-16 09:59:04 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2017 0 0 str. 6-11 št. 2 Letn. 21 dec. 2017 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616-006 1408-1741 2843771 65324032 RAZ_Grasic-Kuhar_Cvetka_i2017.pdf RAZ_Grasic-Kuhar_Cvetka_i2017.pdf 1 9A6FF60E671AB2D0B5D07664820A505D 5aad2b93fddaf34ef28a79d82879d67cadfc27f218e8e8a99fba6c04ae9be1b9 4697396e-17b5-11ed-b6b8-001a4af901a5 20.500.12556/dirros/70dc60aa-3a53-4f0a-b748-e6b675a52142 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=10086 Onkološki inštitut Ljubljana Onkologija : strokovni časopis za zdravnike 0 0 0