20.500.12556/DiRROS-31919 Biomarkers of endothelial damage in acute graft-versus-host disease after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation methodological challenges Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The current diagnostic approach relies primarily on clinical manifestations and histopathological evaluation of affected tissues. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify minimally invasive biomarkers that provide predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic value, as well as utility in monitoring therapeutic responses. In particular, biomarkers that enable early identification of patients unresponsive to treatment are highly warranted. Methods: This article reviews research on aGVHD biomarkers, with a particular focus on those related to endothelial damage. Data published between 2004 and 2025 were sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: acute graft versus host disease, endothelial damage, biomarkers, circulating endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, microRNA, extracellular vesicles, serum biomarkers, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and analytical errors. This article reviews the findings, with a specific focus on the analytical challenges associated with their determination and the potential for their implementation in clinical settings. Results: Recent advances in high-throughput methodologies have led to the identification of potential biomarkers for aGVHD. Growing evidence indicates that endothelial damage contributes to this complication, especially in treatment-resistant patients. In addition to soluble serum biomarkers, other promising candidates such as circulating endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs have been identified. However, the methodologies for their assessment have not yet been standardized. Conclusions: Future efforts should focus on standardizing these methods and establishing comprehensive biomarker panels, as none of the biomarkers identified so far are entirely specific to aGVHD. biomarkers circulating endothelial cells endothelial damage extracellular vesicles graft versus host disease microRNA true false true Angleški jezik Ni določen Neznano 2026-08-18 14:10:09 2026-08-18 14:10:10 2026-08-19 03:46:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 23. 6. 2026; str. 1-11 issue 15, [article no.] e70290 Vol. 40 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.15 1098-2825 10.1002/jcla.70290 282576899 RAZ_Klinar_Katarina_2026.pdf RAZ_Klinar_Katarina_2026.pdf 1 D6B2A51B027003503251DCFD2256BF9D c76d5d58245e9d2ca70f270eb7e2871490419f3993d5640dce3c75e254fd5e68 de3fbaf1-9afd-11f1-af5a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=49659 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcla.70290 1 c35523ea-9afd-11f1-af5a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=49658 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana 0 0 0