20.500.12556/DiRROS-31466 HIV-1 subtype diversity and phylogenetic insight into non-B subtype transmission in Slovenia, 1989-2013 Introduction: Disease progression, drug resistance mutations, and treatment strategies may vary by HIV-1 subtype. This study determined HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovenia, a Central European country with an HIV-1 epidemic driven by men who have sex with men, focusing on molecular epidemiology of non-B subtypes. Methods: A total of 367 HIV-1 sequences were included. Subtype was assigned by employing eight different HIV subtyping tools coupled with maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Results: The subtyping tools COMET, jpHMM, and REGA 3.0 exhibited the best performance on the dataset studied. Phylogenetic analyses showed a 14.7% prevalence of non-B subtypes, with subtype A detected most frequently (4.9%), followed by CRF02_AG (2.4%), subtype C (1.1%), subtypes D, G, and CRF01_AE (0.8% each), and subtypes F and CRF22_01A1 (0.3% each). A subtype could not be assigned to 12 sequences (3.3%), indicating potential unique recombinant forms. Non-B subtypes were significantly associated with a heterosexual route of transmission and infection acquired in Eastern Europe, Africa, or Asia. Conclusions: In a country where subtype B is predominant, non-B subtypes were observed in one out of seven patients, a nonnegligible proportion, which underlines the importance of systematic surveillance of HIV subtype diversity and the corresponding molecular epidemiology. HIV-1 ne-B podtip podtipiziranje filogenija molekularna epidemiologija srednja Evropa HIV-1 non-B subtype subtyping phylogeny molecular epidemiology Central Europe true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Na spletni strani revije navedeno "Authors publishing in our journal retain copyright of their work under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the work in any medium, provided the original author(s) and copyright holder(s) are appropriately credited, and the original publication in the journal is properly cited, following established academic practices." (https://acta-apa.mf.uni-lj.si/submissions.php, 3. 8. 2026) Neznano 2026-08-03 12:34:00 2026-08-03 12:34:01 2026-08-04 03:53:13 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 str. 99-110 iss. 3 Vol. 32 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.98:578.828 1318-4458 10.15570/actaapa.2023.20 167503619 RAZ_Mlakar_Jana_2023.pdf RAZ_Mlakar_Jana_2023.pdf 1 5DDAD2AF2DA27B5C7162247CB8EE724C 413d86e1797f076fce5d4a342b5ab04f155093f9b4f4d6d453c5f25b52cb03e9 4c62404f-8f27-11f1-a7fa-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=48750 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana 0 0 0