20.500.12556/DiRROS-31433 In vitro genotoxicity assessment of graphene quantum dots using a 3D HepG2 model version v1 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nano-sized fragments of graphene sheets, with great potential for applications in optics, electrochemistry, and biomedicine, including drug delivery. In this study, two types of GQDs were investigated: green-emitting (G-GQD) and blue-emitting (B-GQD) and their genotoxic potential was examined on the protein level. Flow cytometric analysis of γH2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, and phosphorylated histone H3 (p-H3), a marker of aneugenic activity, was performed in HepG2 spheroids after 24 hours of exposure to G-GQDs and B-GQDs. HepG2 spheroids were exposed to graded concentrations of B- and G-GQD (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 hours, respectively. Spheroids were dissociated into single-cell suspensions, washed twice with 1x PBS and fixed in 4% PFA. For flow cytometric analysis, cells were labelled with anti-H2AX pS139 antibody and anti-histone H3 pS128 antibody. REA-APC and REA-PE controls were applied to exclude non-specific antibody binding. For each sample, 10,000 events were acquired using a MACSQuant Analyzer 10 flow cytometer and MACSQuantify™ software (Miltenyi Biotech, Germany). Raw data were exported from the MACSQuantify software and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (Becton Dickinson, New Jersey, USA). nanomaterials graphene quantum dots HepG2 spheroids toxicity nanodelci grafenske kvantne pike in vitro 3D celični model toksičnost true false false Zenodo Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-07-31 14:34:12 2026-07-31 15:01:54 2026-08-01 03:50:46 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Genève 2026 Genève Nasl. z. nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 5. 6. 2026; Soavtorji: Haverić, Anja; Kološa, Katja; Zegura, Bojana; 1 spletni vir 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-01-29 579 10.5281/zenodo.18415123 280617475 https://zenodo.org/records/18415123 1 2342231c-8cdc-11f1-a81a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=48661 RAW_data_flow_cytometry.docx RAW_data_flow_cytometry.docx 1 D520AC026E3FF358179B70DAE975BEA6 56f690f894cb4a00a59e30b0fa87cbf1e91fb18998523e6cab994c21d76aa9a4 9d7a29a7-8cdc-11f1-a81a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=48667 18415123.json 18415123.json 1 B177FF5617D223969E3C32F9A4B5D067 655ceba44e996fd465db8dfcd9f5c82b148515cae3e6c19836801bdd69a222bf adb58b18-8cdc-11f1-a81a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=48668 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo In vitro toxicity assessment of graphene quantum dots using a 3D HepG2 model 0 0 0