20.500.12556/DiRROS-31043 Sodobni pristopi imunoterapije pri zdravljenju raka Modern immunotherapy apporaches for treatment of cancer Imunoterapija je postala eden ključnih stebrov sodo bnega zdravljenja raka in predstavlja pomembno dopolnilo kirurškemu zdravljenju, kemoterapiji in radioterapiji. Temelji na aktivaciji ali modulaciji imunskega sistema z namenom vzpostavitve učinkovitega in dolgotrajnega protitumorskega odziva. Prispevek obravnava zgodovinski razvoj imunoterapije, cikel rak–imunost in vlogo tumorskega mikrookolja pri uspešnosti zdravljenja. Poseben poudarek je namenjen sodobnim terapevtskim modalitetam, vključno z zaviralci imunskih kontrolnih točk, adoptivnimi celičnimi terapijami, terapevtskimi cepivi, onkolitičnimi virusi in citokini, ter njihovim prednostim in omejitvam. Kljub izjemnim kliničnim uspehom pri zdravljenju ostaja učinkovitost omejena na podskupino bolnikov, predvsem zaradi imunosupresivnega mikrookolja in mehanizmov rezistence. Prihodnji razvoj imunoterapije temelji na kombiniranih in personaliziranih pristopih, izboljšani dostavi imunomodulatorjev ter boljši selekciji bolnikov na podlagi bioloških označevalcev. Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a central pillar of modern oncology, complementing surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is based on activating or modulating the immune system to generate effective and durable antitumor responses. This article reviews the historical foundations of immunotherapy, the cancer–immunity cycle and the critical role of the tumor microenvironment in shaping therapeutic efficacy. Major immunotherapeutic modalities are discussed, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and cytokine-based treatments, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action, clinical benefits and limitations. Despite remarkable and often durable responses in selected patients, the overall response rate remains limited, largely due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and mechanisms of primary or acquired resistance. Future advances in cancer immunotherapy are expected to rely on rational combination strategies, targeted delivery of immune modulators and increasingly personalised approaches guided by predictive biomarkers, host immunity and tumorspecific characteristics. imunoterapija raka personalizirana onkologija tumorsko mikrookolje zaviralci imunskih kontrolnih točk cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors personalised oncology tumor microenvironment true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Neznano 2026-07-10 12:02:30 2026-07-10 12:02:30 2026-07-11 03:51:14 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Opis vira z dne 19. 5. 2026; Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; str. 129-138 št. 2 Letn. 77 maj 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-05-01 615.37:616-006-085 2536-4316 278570755 ziga.pdf ziga.pdf 1 B83F4F7B798F9C0459211E69FF41F517 8b185759acb138084c5521439889abda1299828042ef3a9f177e5427bc93487f 76ea5233-7c46-11f1-b663-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=47822 Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo 0 0 0