20.500.12556/DiRROS-30859 Hidden sodium in effervescent food supplements labelling practices and product composition Effervescent food supplements contain mineral carbonates and organic acids that enable carbon dioxide release. While sodium content is well established for effervescent medicines, data for food supplements remain limited. Sodium labelling is not mandatory for food supplements in the European Union. Effervescent tablets are consumed as beverages and may be used daily, potentially contributing to total sodium intake relevant for cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to examine the sodium content and labelling practices of the effervescent food supplements available in Slovenia. A cross-sectional representative sample of 71 effervescent supplements containing vitamins and/or minerals was analysed. Sodium content was quantified using an accredited inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method. The mean sodium content per dose unit was 253 ± 108 mg. The highest mean levels were observed in products containing vitamins&minerals (N = 18; 314 ± 109 mg), and the lowest in calcium containing products (N = 9; 136 ± 59 mg). With recommended intakes of up to three dose units per day, sodium exposure may reach 740 mg, corresponding to up to 37% of the EFSA reference intake of 2000 mg/day. Effervescent food supplements can represent a notable and often overlooked source of dietary sodium. food supplements dietary supplements food labelling sodium effervescent tablets salt nutricistika prehranska dopolnila označevanje živil natrij šumeče tablete sol true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. Neznano 2026-07-07 13:07:52 2026-07-07 13:12:24 2026-07-08 03:48:25 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 1-7 str. [article no.] 109224 Vol. 155 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-01-01 612.39 0889-1575 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.109224 283837443 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526003674 1 19d98965-79f4-11f1-a65c-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=47287 RAZ_Zmitek_Katja_2026.pdf RAZ_Zmitek_Katja_2026.pdf 1 A8FBB45DCBF9DF42F3051B5A07A2D86A f36f1913b68e9ae4b7956ad973dee9176f4679115e1ae3911b0b65eee2410cb8 98ec135b-79f4-11f1-a65c-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=47289 Inštitut za nutricionistiko 0 0 0