20.500.12556/DiRROS-30456 Potentially fatal complications of new systemic anticancer therapies pearls and pitfalls in their initial management Potencialno resni zapleti novih sistemskih terapij proti raku Various types of immunotherapy (i.e. immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs], chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T-cells and bispecific T-cell engagers [BiTEs]) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have been used increasingly to treat solid cancers, lymphomas and leukaemias. Patients with serious complications of these therapies can be presented to physicians of different specialties. In this narrative review we discuss potentially fatal complications of new systemic anticancer therapies and some practical considerations for their diagnosis and initial treatment. Results Clinical presentation of toxicities of new anticancer therapies may be unpredictable and nonspecific. They can mimic other more common medical conditions such as infection or stroke. If not recognized and properly treated these toxicities can progress rapidly into life-threatening conditions. ICIs can cause immune-related inflammatory disorders of various organ systems (e.g. pneumonitis or colitis), and a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) may develop after treatment with CAR T-cells or BiTEs. The cornerstones of management of these hyper-inflammatory disorders are supportive care and systemic immunosuppressive therapy. The latter should start as soon as symptoms are mild-moderate. Similarly, some severe toxicities of ADCs also require immunosuppressive therapy. A multidisciplinary team including an oncologist/haematologist and a corresponding organ-site specialist (e.g. gastroenterologist in the case of colitis) should be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of these toxicities. Conclusions Health professionals should be aware of potential serious complications of new systemic anticancer therapies. Early diagnosis and treatment with adequate supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy are crucial for the optimal outcome of patients with these complications. potentially fatal toxicity immune checkpoint inhibitors immunosuppressive therapy potencialno usodna toksičnost zdravil zaviralci nadzornih točk imunosupresivno zdravljenje true false true Association of Radiology and Oncology Ljubljana Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-06-26 10:28:20 2026-06-26 10:28:20 2026-06-27 03:52:13 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 str. 170-178, II no. 2 Vol. 58 Jun. 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2024-06-01 616-006 1318-2099 10.2478/raon-2024-0027 199905795 RAZ_Kovac-Blaz_Milena_2024.pdf RAZ_Kovac-Blaz_Milena_2024.pdf 1 7CE83B64A01983817759AD3622BF1ECC 7d5bff809151fadde295cf6f3257c0499ac13601ff3752b807138ebddb6fad5f 49f58a7f-7139-11f1-b414-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=46252 Društvo radiologije in onkologije Onkološki inštitut Ljubljana 0 0 0