20.500.12556/DiRROS-30371 In vitro genotoxicity assessment of commercially available graphene quantum dots in human peripheral blood cells and salivary leukocytes Commercially available graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are promising nanomaterials for applications in research and preclinical diagnostics, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Their bioactivity is highly dependent on dose, route of exposure, duration, cell type, uptake mechanisms, tissue and cellular distribution, and physicochemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate genotoxic, cytotoxic, and cytostatic endpoints of blue- (B-GQDs) and greenemitting (G-GQDs) GQDs in human blood and salivary leukocytes. GQDs were tested at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 100 μg/mL using distinct treatment periods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), trypan blue exclusion, comet, and cytokinesisblock micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assays were performed. FTIR analysis revealed that G-GQDs, unlike B-GQDs, exhibit an absorption band typically associated with amine functional groups, which may contribute to their pronounced genotoxic effects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and salivary leukocytes showed higher sensitivity to G-GQDs compared to whole blood samples. Although no cytotoxic effects were observed, both GQDs induced significant DNA damage, with G-GQDs demonstrating greater genotoxic potential. These findings demonstrate that GQDs can induce DNA damage in the absence of detectable cytotoxic effects under the conditions tested, highlighting the importance of considering both physicochemical properties and cellular models in the safety assessment of nanomaterials. GQDs FTIR DNA damage cell viability micronuclei grafenske kvantne pike nanomateriali genotoksičnost periferne krvne celice levkociti true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-06-23 14:09:12 2026-06-23 14:09:12 2026-06-23 14:10:44 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji: Irma Durmišević, Mirta Milić, Anja Haverić, Maida Hadžić Omanović, Sanjin Gutić , Bojana Žegura, Sanin Haverić; Opis vira z dne 18. 6. 2026; str. 1-18 iss. 6, [article no.] 523 Vol. 16 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-06-15 620.3:615.9:575.224 2305-6304 10.3390/toxics14060523 282064899 https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/14/6/523 1 5a307d31-6efc-11f1-98c5-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=46082 RAZ_Cetkovic_Pecar_Tamara_2026.pdf RAZ_Cetkovic_Pecar_Tamara_2026.pdf 1 0518D4F6A479649652DE35557B7EC384 75781b56-6efc-11f1-98c5-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=46083 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo 0 0 0