20.500.12556/DiRROS-30360 Strength and cost analysis of geopolymer concrete using rice husk ash and GGBS as sustainable cement alternatives The present study aims to develop environmentally friendly concrete by using industrial waste materials, namely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and rice husk ash (RHA), to produce green concrete. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has emerged as an alternative to eliminate the use of cement. The main objective of this study is to design and evaluate geopolymer concrete of M40, M50, and M60 grades. Mixes were prepared by replacing GGBS with RHA at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement levels for each grade. The resistance of these mixes against 5% sulphuric acid exposure was also examined. Experiments were conducted to determine compressive strength under different parameters, including NaOH concentration, proportions of RHA and GGBS, and curing duration. Additional tests assessed the effect of acid exposure on strength and weight loss. The cost-effectiveness of GPC production was also compared with that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The results revealed that, for all three grades, replacement of GGBS with more than 10% RHA led to a decrease in compressive strength. Furthermore, the production cost of GPC was found to be more economical compared to OPC. Both weight loss and strength loss increased progressively with longer acid exposure. Strength reduction for M40, M50, and M60 grade concretes reached 75.4%, 76.1%, and 79.9%, respectively, when 10% of GGBS was replaced with RHA. geopolymer concrete rice husk ash ground granulated blast furnace slag sulphuric acid cost analysis geopolimerni beton pepel riževih luščin granulirana plavžna žlindra žveplova kislina analiza stroškov true false true Nature Publishing Group Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © The Author(s) 2026 Neznano 2026-06-23 13:05:56 2026-06-23 13:11:06 2026-06-24 03:46:08 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 str. 1-13 article no. 12922 Vol. 16 Mar. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-03-10 620.1/.2 2045-2322 10.1038/s41598-026-43705-3 271705347 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43705-3 0 854cf12c-6ef3-11f1-98c5-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=46061 RAZ_Reddy_Narala_Gangadhara_2026.pdf RAZ_Reddy_Narala_Gangadhara_2026.pdf 1 122EF5AC48A6398DEC070F07C09951C6 124769caf1932d265f01f03c33d11314a1ea9ce338d225451988cbb000a0361b 2be7c2c3-6ef4-11f1-98c5-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=46063 Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije 0 0 0