20.500.12556/DiRROS-30087 Early warning systems for chemical risks in Europe methodological components for signal detection, prioritization, uncertainty management and follow-up Early warning systems for chemical risks in Europe: methodological components for signal detection, prioritization, uncertainty management and follow-up Chemical pollution can affect ecosystems and human health, highlighting the need for approaches that identify, evaluate, and prioritize emerging chemical risks before they become established public-health issues requiring regulatory actions. This review and perspective article examines methodological components required for Early Warning Systems (EWSs) for chemical risks, with particular attention to the European policy context. It examines methodological components for chemical EWSs rather than proposing a fully implemented system. It considers how state-of-the-art and emerging methods can support signal generation, signal strengthening, prioritization, uncertainty assessment, communication, and follow-up. The reviewed components include matrices and sampling strategies; chemical monitoring, suspect screening, and non-target screening; effect-based methods, New Approach Methodologies, and effect-directed analysis; exposure and hazard modelling; QSAR, read-across, AI-supported and data-mining tools; expert evaluation; and governance processes that link scientific signals to proportionate follow-up. The conceptual workflow is used as an example of how these components may be organized into a signal-handling process, while EU-level developments provide the broader policy and governance context. The actionable value of a chemical EWS does not depend on any single method, but on structured integration of complementary evidence streams. An effective EWS should combine sensitive weak-signal detection with transparent prioritization, explicit uncertainty assessment, FAIR and interoperable data infrastructures, and clearly assigned responsibilities for communication and follow-up. real-time data early warning system hazard prioritization chemical risks sistemi za zgodnje opozarjanje podatki v realnem času kemične nesreče true false true Springer Nature Nemčija Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-06-15 11:28:08 2026-06-15 11:28:09 2026-06-16 03:54:47 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorica iz Slovenije: Tina Kosjek; Opis vira z dne 12. 6. 2026; str. 1-25 Vol. 60, article no. 101 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2026-03-03 2026-05-26 2026-06-04 502.1 2190-4715 10.1186/s12302-026-01427-3 281489155 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-026-01427-3 1 8756fe8e-689c-11f1-aebd-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=45402 RAZ_Karakoltzidis_Achilleas_2026.pdf RAZ_Karakoltzidis_Achilleas_2026.pdf 1 83CAA300869CE01B475E1F848621F1A5 f0e23a2f7cd9873e13f26123c5753a83faa5329d2d6a6b06460b6d8a6fad831a d04ce9df-689c-11f1-aebd-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=45403 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0