20.500.12556/DiRROS-29933 Western range limit, population density, and flight dynamics of the fruit pest settingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Western Range Limit, Population Density, and Flight Dynamics of the Fruit Pest Grapholita inopinata (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Russia by Evgeny N. Akulov 1ORCID,Margarita G. Kovalenko 2ORCID,Julia A. Lovtsova 2ORCID,Dmitrii L. Musolin 3ORCID andNatalia I. Kirichenko 1,4,5,*ORCID 1 Krasnoyarsk Branch of the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center, Zhelyabova Str., 6/6, Krasnoyarsk 660020, Russia 2 All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center, Bykovo, Moscow Oblast, Bykovo, Pogranichnaya str. 32, 140150, Russia 3 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 21 Boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011 Paris, France 4 Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia 5 Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Life 2025, 15(4), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040521 Submission received: 2 March 2025 / Revised: 19 March 2025 / Accepted: 20 March 2025 / Published: 22 March 2025 (This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract The Manchurian fruit moth, Grapholita inopinata (Heinrich) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of fruit crops, particularly apples (Malus spp., Rosaceae), and is classified as a quarantine pest in many European countries and other world regions. Until recently, this species was known only in Northeastern China, Japan, and Russia (from Eastern Siberia and the Far East). To determine the westernmost distribution of G. inopinata and assess its abundance, we conducted nine-year pheromone monitoring across 13 administrative regions of Russia from 2014 to 2018 and 2021 to 2024. A total of 1866 traps were deployed, capturing 31,962 G. inopinata specimens in 1811 traps. The species was newly detected in eight regions—seven in Asian Russia and one in European Russia (Perm Krai). These findings doubled the moth’s known range on the Asian continent and extended its western boundary to 56° E in European Russia. Between 2021 and 2024, G. inopinata was generally found at low densities across the surveyed regions (≤10 males per trap per week), with the exception of Perm Krai, Omsk, and Novosibirsk Oblasts, where moderate abundance (up to 38 males per trap per week) was recorded. In contrast, from 2014 to 2018, moderate to high population densities (up to 94 males per trap per week), including mass occurrences (over 100 males per trap per week), were observed in Krasnoyarsk Krai, with an absolute peak capture of 303 males in one trap in June 2017. Notably, in 2015–2017, male flight activity in southern Krasnoyarsk Krai exhibited two distinct peaks: one in mid-to-late June and another from late July to mid-August, indicating the development of two generations. This is the first-ever record of a bivoltine seasonal cycle for G. inopinata in Siberia. These findings are critical for improving pest risk assessments and developing early detection strategies, supporting more effective monitoring and management approaches of this orchard pest. orchard pest Manchurian fruit moth modern range population density flight dynamics European Russia škodljivci sadovnjaki mandžurski sadni molj razširjenost gostota populacije dinamika leta evropska Rusija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Znanstveno delo 2026-06-09 13:16:40 2026-06-09 13:16:41 2026-06-10 03:48:58 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 9. 6. 2026; str. 1-18 iss. 4 [article no. 521] Vol. 15 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 632.7 2075-1729 10.3390/life15040521 280983555 https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/521 1 b1a644ce-63f4-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=45076 life-15-00521-v2.pdf life-15-00521-v2.pdf 1 EDAC1720AAD83B1CB59D9A9EBDF61D42 ee65ec49e65bb5e39fbf0ebe83b78c375426182fa676de466de05521258b1fb2 c6aef768-63f4-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=45077 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije 0 0 0