20.500.12556/DiRROS-29795 Clinical care advice for monitoring of islet autoantibody positive individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that involves the development of autoantibodies against pancreatic islet beta-cell antigens, preceding clinical diagnosis by a period of preclinical disease activity. As screening activity to identify autoantibody-positive individuals increases, a rise in presymptomatic type 1 diabetes individuals seeking medical attention is expected. Current guidance on how to monitor these individuals in a safe but minimally invasive way is limited. This article aims to provide clinical guidance for monitoring individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes to reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. Expert consensus was obtained from members of the Fr1da, GPPAD, and INNODIA consortia, three European diabetes research groups. The guidance covers both specialist and primary care follow-up strategies. The guidance outlines recommended monitoring approaches based on age, disease stage and clinical setting. Individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes are best followed up in specialist care. For stage 1, biannual assessments of random plasma glucose and HbA1c are suggested for children, while annual assessments are recommended for adolescents and adults. For stage 2, 3-monthly clinic visits with additional home monitoring are advised. The value of repeat OGTT in stage 1 and the use of continuous glucose monitoring in stage 2 are discussed. Primary care is encouraged to monitor individuals who decline specialist care, following the guidance presented. As type 1 diabetes screening programs become more prevalent, effective monitoring strategies are essential to mitigate the risk of complications such as DKA. This guidance serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, providing practical recommendations tailored to an individual's age and disease stage, both within specialist and primary care settings. type 1 diabetes presymptomatic type 1 diabetes diabetic ketoacidosis guidance true false true Angleški jezik Ni določen Neznano 2026-06-05 11:20:58 2026-06-05 11:20:58 2026-06-06 03:58:34 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 17. 6. 2024; str. 1-10 iss. 2, ǂ[article no.] ǂe3777 Vol. 40 Feb. 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.379 1099-0895 10.1002/dmrr.3777 199142915 RAZ_Hendriks_A._Emile_J._2024.pdf RAZ_Hendriks_A._Emile_J._2024.pdf 1 D03BA67159CD0E895D6ECEE0FE974305 9e8d77f6c21810ef23b36a05939501b4f0fd71ce9bc571cd1bd21d8456bc62cd faefb9d1-60bf-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=44791 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3777 1 de7c0457-60bf-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=44790 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana 0 0 0