20.500.12556/DiRROS-29427 Gestational diabetes and fetal macrosomia a dissenting opinion Objectives: To examine the effect of interaction between parity, overweight/obesity, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the incidence of fetal macrosomia. Methods: We used a population-based dataset to establish the incidence of macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g) in singleton births at ≥38 weeks' gestation. The cohort included women who were (1) overweight/obese or had normal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, (2) nulliparous or multiparous, (3) with appropriate or excessive weight gain, and (4) without GDM, with GDM controlled by nonpharmacological treatment (GDM0), or with GDM requiring insulin treatment (GDM1). Results: We examined 129 686 births at ≥38 weeks. The mean gestational age at birth for all subgroup was similar. When compared with a reference incidence for nulliparas with normal pregravid BMI, appropriate weight gain, and without GDM, all variables, except GDM, independently and significantly increased the incidence of neonates weighing >4000 g. The logistic regression analysis found that excessive weight gain, pregravid BMI >25, and parity were the only independent factors associate with birth weight >4000 g. Conclusions: Well-managed GDM is not significantly associated with macrosomia, whereas pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and parity appear to be significant risk factors. These results emphasize the need for effective weight management before and during pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal overgrowth. gestational diabetes fetal macrosomia pregnancy gastacijski diabetes makrosomija ploda nosečnost true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-05-18 13:40:54 2026-05-18 13:40:54 2026-05-19 03:54:41 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 str. 129-138 iss. 1 Vol. 54 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 618.2/.7 0300-5577 10.1515/jpm-2025-0247 252064259 RAZ_Kosir-Pogacnik_Renata_2026.pdf RAZ_Kosir-Pogacnik_Renata_2026.pdf 1 039EAEE58B70476C3E8C260BBD578FF0 fd474821d6ff3731bad74f7575ebc015b478f615b0686098ef3fb7eb74582587 985d9042-52ae-11f1-8a5a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=44122 https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jpm-2025-0247/html 1 6ec12274-52ae-11f1-8a5a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=44121 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana 0 0 0