20.500.12556/DiRROS-29239 Strain-gradient and curvature-induced changes in domain morphology of ▫$BaTi⁢O_3$▫ nanorods Experimental and theoretical studies Strain-gradient and curvature-induced changes in domain morphology of BaTi⁢O[sub]3 nanorods: experimental and theoretical studies We investigate the impact of O⁢H− ions incorporation on the lattice strain and spontaneous polarization of BaTi⁢O3 nanorods synthesized under different conditions. It was confirmed that the lattice strain depends directly on Ba supersaturation, with higher supersaturation leading to an increase in the lattice strain. However, it was shown that crystal growth and observed lattice distortion are not primarily influenced by external strain; rather, O⁢H− ions incorporation plays a key role in generating internal chemical strains and driving these processes. By using the less reactive Ti⁢O2 precursor instead of TiOC⁢l2 and controlling Ba supersaturation, the slower nucleation rate enables more effective regulation of O⁢H− ions incorporation and crystal growth. This in turn effects both particle size and lattice distortion, leading to �/� ratio of 1.013–1.014. The incorporation of O⁢H− ions induces lattice elongation along the � axis, contributing to anisotropic growth, increasing of the rod diameter and their growth-induced bending. However, the possibility of the curvature-induced changes in domain morphology of BaTi⁢O3 nanorods remains almost unexplored. To study the possibility, we perform analytical calculations and finite element modeling, which provide insights into the curvature-induced changes in the strain-gradient, polarization distribution, and domain morphology in BaTi⁢O3 nanorods. Theoretical results reveal the appearance of the domain stripes in BaTi⁢O3 nanorod when the curvature exceeds a critical angle. The physical origin of the domain stripes emergence is the tendency to minimize the elastic energy of the nanorod by the domain splitting. These findings suggest that BaTi⁢O3 nanorods, with curvature-controllable amount of domain stripes, could serve as flexible race-track memory elements for flexotronics and domain-wall electronics. Overall, this work enhances the understanding of how the shape anisotropy, lattice strains, and strain gradients influence the domain morphology of ferroelectric nanorods, offering a pathway for tuning properties of the nanorods for advanced applications in nanoelectronics. nanorods lattice strain nanoelectronics domain morphology nanoelektronika nanopalčke true false true American Physical Society ZDA Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-04-30 12:23:04 2026-04-30 12:23:04 2026-05-01 03:46:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji iz Slovenije: Srečo David Škapin, Marjeta Maček Kržmanc, Zdravko Kutnjak; Opis vira z dne 30. 4. 2026; str. 044409-1-044409-17 iss. 4, [article no.] 044409 Vol. 10 Apr. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2026-01-15 2026-04-08 2026-04-28 54 2475-9953 10.1103/b332-gcxc 276783363 https://journals.aps.org/prmaterials/abstract/10.1103/b332-gcxc 1 969b7b17-447e-11f1-a4de-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=43744 RAZ_Kovalenko_Olha_A._2026.pdf RAZ_Kovalenko_Olha_A._2026.pdf 1 2C9AC4C13F05B5DBC13C8658CA06343A e99b9c7ef55442fd8243e67b1c67ebea4e2d2ff8d48c835ae5c4a64c5a53d2ba 1742a3fb-447f-11f1-a4de-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=43745 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0