20.500.12556/DiRROS-28443 Spatio-temporal evolution of shrub willows (Salix subgenus Vetrix clade) on a global scale The spatio-temporal evolution of woody plant lineages in the Holarctic is still understudied, limiting our understanding of evolutionary processes that promote higher diversity at higher latitudes in some lineages, which contradicts the latitudinal gradient hypothesis which predicts higher species richness in the tropics. Shrub willows (Salix subgenus Vetrix) comprise about 350 species of which many are adapted to arctic-alpine ecosystems and thus form an important element across the Holarctic region. In this study, we utilized RAD sequencing to estimate the spatio-temporal evolution of the Vetrix clade based on about 140 species covering most of its morphological and geographical diversity. The resolved phylogeny revealed four lineages: the Pan-Himalayan clade, the North American clade and two clades containing species from Eurasia. Widespread circumpolar species form a hybridogenetic grade between the Eurasian and North American clades. Our results confirm that shrub willows originated in the Tertiary, probably in Asia, and that diversification coincided with the climatic cooling in the Pleistocene. At least two radiations were observed, in the Pan Himalayas and in North America. Speciation was further shaped by migration and dispersal in Eurasia, likely accelerated by the uplift of mountain chains, the closure of the Turgai Strait and expansion of suitable habitats. The dated phylogeny revealed that speciation of arctic lineages predates adaptation to high latitudes, as also evident from the fossil record. Small wind-dispersed seeds enabled shrub willows to colonize the expanding arctic tundra regions in the Miocene and their recolonization after the LGM. Given the high observed number of polyploid species equally distributed in all clades and indications of genetic admixture, we assume that species diversity in shrub willows was additionally increased by hybridization and polyploidization. biogeography BAMM BioGeoBEARS Holarctic Northern Hemisphere RAD sequencing biogeografija BAMM BioGeoBEARS holarktično območje severna hemisfera RAD sekvenciranje true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-03-19 10:51:07 2026-03-19 10:51:07 2026-03-26 03:45:34 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Soavtorji: Jing Vir Leong, Loic Pittet, Ètienne Léveillé-Bourret, Tommi Nyman, Maria Tomoshevich, Evgeny Banaev, Li He, Elvira Hörandl, Martin Volf, Natascha D. Wagner; Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 2. 3. 2026; str. 1-13 [article no.] 108480 Vol. 214 Jan. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-10-17 577 1095-9513 10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108480 270177539 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790325001976?via%3Dihub 1 287e53fc-2379-11f1-8070-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=42111 RAZ_Marincek_Pia_2026.pdf RAZ_Marincek_Pia_2026.pdf 1 685E483E61B8C81644FBBBD9CDC342FD d479075fc42b60bb6b00cca2cf6a9faa13332c6c403754fcc116ef97656307a1 4a1f541e-2379-11f1-8070-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=42114 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo 0 0 0