20.500.12556/DiRROS-28122 Sex differences and performance evaluation in preschool athletic events a study from the Olympic festival of kindergartens in Croatia Razlike med spoloma in ocenjevanje uspešnosti na športnih dogodkih predšolskih otrok This study examined sex differences in motor performance among preschool children and proposed a preliminary, norm-referenced evaluation scale for selected athletic disci-plines within the Olympic Festival of Kindergartens. The sample consisted of 120 children (60 boys and 60 girls), approximately six years of age, representing the best-performing participants from county-level competitions conducted between 2007 and 2017. Motor performance was assessed in ball throwing, standing long jump, and the 50-m sprint. Sex differences were analysed using the independent samples t-test with effect sizes reported as Cohen’s d. Boys achieved significantly better results in ball throwing (t(118) = 6.51, p < 0.001, d = 1.19) and the 50-m sprint (t(118) = −2.07, p = 0.041, d = −0.38), indica-ting large and small-to-moderate effects, respectively. No significant sex difference was observed in the standing long jump (t(118) = 0.64, p = 0.521, d = 0.12). Comparisons with national datasets revealed similar performance patterns, confirming earlier findings of sex-related differences in explosive strength and speed during early childhood. The proposed five-level evaluation scale, derived from competitive performance distributions, provides a practical assessment framework for use in organized preschool sport settings. Given the selective nature of the sample and the absence of formal psychometric valida-tion, the scale should be considered preliminary and applicable primarily to physically active preschool children participating in competitive events. Študija je proučevala razlike med spoloma v motoričnih sposobnostih predšolskih otrok in v njej je predlagana preliminarna, normativno utemeljena ocenjevalna lestvica za tri atletske discipline, vključene v olimpijski festival vrtcev. Vzorec je obsegal 120 otrok (60 fantov in 60 deklic), ki so bili stari približno šest let ter, izbrani na podlagi najboljših dosežkov na ravni okrožnih tekmovanj med letoma 2007 in 2017. Motorični dosežki so bili ocenjeni v metanju žoge, skoku v daljino z mesta in teku na 50 metrov. Razlike med spoloma so bile analizirane z neodvisnim t-testom, pri čemer so bili izračunani tudi učinki velikosti (Cohenov d). Fantje so dosegli statistično pomembno boljše rezultate v metanju žoge (t(118) = 6,51; p < 0,001; d = 1,19) in teku na 50 metrov (t(118) = −2,07; p = 0,041; d = −0,38), kar kaže na velik oziroma majhen do zmeren učinek. Pri skoku v daljino z mesta ni bilo ugotovljenih statistično pomembnih razlik med spoloma (t(118) = 0,64; p = 0,521; d = 0,12). Primerjava z nacionalnimi podatki je pokazala podobne vzorce, pri čemer fantje že v zgodnjem otroštvu izkazujejo boljše rezultate v nalogah, povezanih z eksplozivno močjo in hitrostjo. Predlagana petstopenjska ocenjevalna lestvica, oblikovana na podlagi tekmovalnih dosežkov, je praktično orodje za uporabo v organiziranih predšolskih športnih okoljih. Glede na selektivno naravo vzorca ter odsotnost formalnega preverjanja zanesljivosti in veljavnosti je treba lestvico obravnavati kot preliminarno in primerno predvsem za telesno aktivne predšolske otroke, vključene v tekmovalne športne programe. preschool children motor performance athletics events sex differences evaluation scale predšolski otroci motorične sposobnosti športni dogodki razlike med spoloma ocenjevalna lestvica true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-03-10 13:36:57 2026-03-10 13:36:58 2026-03-11 03:59:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 165-176 št. 2 Letn. 16 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-01-01 796.42-053.4(497.5) 2232-2620 10.35469/ak.2025.535 271144195 Annales+Kinesiologiae+2025-2_CVENIC.pdf Annales+Kinesiologiae+2025-2_CVENIC.pdf 1 E5B3DB1C47C67A2453E064E9025F3968 58321584b38c5c04fd941b16c4c844efd6faa234d1b6ff8ce1332ca07de6940f e5098dd0-1c7d-11f1-acf8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=41569 https://ojs.zrs-kp.si/index.php/AK/article/view/535 1 d6422d1f-1c7d-11f1-acf8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=41568 Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper / Centro di Ricerche Scientifiche Capodistria 0 0 0